Long‐term effects of intralymphatic immunotherapy (<scp>ILIT</scp>) on canine atopic dermatitis

Timm, Katrin; Mueller, Ralf S.; Nett-Mettler, Claudia S.

doi:10.1111/vde.12517

Cited by 22 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Intralymphatic immunotherapy in dogs was first reported more than 30 years ago, when some dogs not responding to conventional immunotherapy improved with the allergen extract administered intralymphatically. Recently, intralymphatic immunotherapy (Figure ) with alum‐precipitated allergens was reported in dogs with a comparable efficacy to conventional immunotherapy . Well‐powered, double‐blind and randomized studies evaluating intralymphatic immunotherapy are needed.…”

Section: Intralymphatic Immunotherapy (Ilit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

Mueller¹,

Jensen‐Jarolim

Roth‐Walter

et al. 2018

Allergy

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In human patients with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis sensitized to grass pollen, the first successful allergen immunotherapy (AIT) was reported in 1911. Today, immunotherapy is an accepted treatment for allergic asthma, allergic rhinitis and hypersensitivities to insect venom. AIT is also used for atopic dermatitis and recently for food allergy. Subcutaneous, epicutaneous, intralymphatic, oral and sublingual protocols of AIT exist. In animals, most data are available in dogs where subcutaneous AIT is an accepted treatment for atopic dermatitis. Initiating a regulatory response and a production of "blocking" IgG antibodies with AIT are similar mechanisms in human beings and dogs with allergic diseases. Although subcutaneous immunotherapy is used for atopic dermatitis in cats, data for its efficacy are sparse. There is some evidence for successful treatment of feline asthma with AIT. In horses, most studies evaluate the effect of AIT on insect hypersensitivity with conflicting results although promising pilot studies have demonstrated the prophylaxis of insect hypersensitivity with recombinant antigens of biting midges (Culicoides spp.). Optimizing AIT using allergoids, peptide immunotherapy, recombinant allergens and new adjuvants with the different administration types of allergen extracts will further improve compliance and efficacy of this proven treatment modality.

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Section: Intralymphatic Immunotherapy (Ilit)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

Mueller¹,

Jensen‐Jarolim

Roth‐Walter

et al. 2018

Allergy

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“…4,5 For many years ASIT has been administered to dogs subcutaneously (SCIT) using aqueous or aluminium-precipitated solutions of allergens. In the last few years, alternative routes of administration have been evaluated including intralymphatic (ILIT), [12][13][14] sublingual (SLIT) 10,11 and epicutaneous immunotherapy. 15 Intralymphatic immunotherapy has been reported to be safe and equal in efficacy to SCIT; preliminary results have shown that response to treatment may occur more quickly than for SCIT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 Intralymphatic immunotherapy has been reported to be safe and equal in efficacy to SCIT; preliminary results have shown that response to treatment may occur more quickly than for SCIT. 13,14 Sublingual immunotherapy has been reported to be safer than SCIT and may present a practical treatment option for owners who are reluctant to administer subcutaneous injections. 16 Comparison of the different treatment options for cAD in prospective studies has not been carried out.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of subcutaneous, intralymphatic and sublingual immunotherapy for the long‐term control of dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis

Fischer

Rostaher

Favrot

2020

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Allergen‐specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is the only causative treatment of canine atopic dermatitis (cAD). Different routes for administration of ASIT have been used; however, comparative studies are lacking. Hypothesis/Objectives The present study compared the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SCIT), intralymphatic (ILIT) and sublingual (SLIT) immunotherapy. Animals 30 atopic dogs were included and allocation to three groups (SCIT, n = 8; ILIT, n = 12; SLIT, n = 10) was determined by the owners. Methods and materials ASIT was administered using routine protocols. The pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI), concurrent medications and adverse events were recorded initially and one, three, six and 12 months later. The main outcome measure was return to a normal status, which included CADESI <12, PVAS <2.5 and medication score <10. Results Drop‐outs were distributed evenly and 23 dogs finished the study (SCIT, n = 6; ILIT, n = 10; SLIT, n = 7). Adverse reactions to treatment were rare. At the start of the study, the three groups were homogeneous with respect to clinical signs and concurrent medications. After 12 months of ASIT, the CADESI and PVAS had decreased with a stable medication score in the ILIT and SCIT groups (P < 0.05), while all three scores had increased in the SLIT group. Return to normal state was achieved in one of six (17%) dogs receiving SCIT, in six of 10 (60%) dogs receiving ILIT and in one of seven (14%) dogs receiving SLIT. Conclusions and clinical importance These findings suggest that SCIT and ILIT improved clinical signs of cAD, whereas ILIT had a much higher return to normal rate.

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“…First, to reflect difficulty in achieving clinical control in each case, a treatment score was created to evaluate the extent of chosen medical therapy. The scoring system was adapted for retrospective purposes from systems previously reported for atopic dermatitis . A few drugs were added to this scheme (azathioprine, leflunomide) and all doses were scored as the maximum dose that each dog received (Table ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine ischaemic dermatopathy: a retrospective study of 177 cases (2005–2016)

Backel

Bradley

Cain

et al. 2019

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background -Ischaemic dermatopathy encompasses a poorly understood subset of canine diseases that share similar clinical and histological features. Very little information is currently available regarding population characteristics, progression and outcome.Hypothesis/objectives -This study aimed to describe the clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of ischaemia dermatopathy, excluding familial dermatomyositis, using cases diagnosed by histopathological analysis.Animals -One hundred and seventy-seven cases submitted for histopathological analysis between 2005 and 2016 met inclusion criteria, of which 93 had complete medical records available.Methods and materials -Both records and pointed surveys were used to retrieve information. Scoring systems were created to subjectively evaluate clinical outcomes and likelihood of a vaccine association.Results -Of 177 cases, toy and miniature poodles, Chihuahuas, Maltese, Yorkshire terriers and Jack Russell terriers were significantly over-represented (P < 0.001). Of the 93 cases for which historical data were obtained, median age at skin biopsy was five years (0.42-13 years) and median body weight was 7.3 kg (range 1.32-50.3 kg). The condition in 45 dogs (48.3%) was found likely to be associated with vaccination. Younger ages (P = 0.011) and higher body weights (P = 0.003) were positively correlated with greater likelihood of vaccination. Body weight <10 kg (P = 0.0045) and older ages (P = 0.0048) were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Conclusions and clinical importance -This study provides support for breed predispositions and identifies potential prognostic factors. Importantly, over half of the cases were considered unlikely to be vaccine-associated, demonstrating the need to investigate other underlying causes of this condition.

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Long‐term effects of intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) on canine atopic dermatitis

Abstract: ILIT is safe and feasible, and provides long-lasting relief in some atopic dogs with a limited number of injections.

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

Allergen immunotherapy in people, dogs, cats and horses – differences, similarities and research needs

A comparative study of subcutaneous, intralymphatic and sublingual immunotherapy for the long‐term control of dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis

Canine ischaemic dermatopathy: a retrospective study of 177 cases (2005–2016)

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