Long-Term Developmental Outcomes of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Phelps, LeAdelle; Cottone, Jerome William

doi:10.1177/073428299901700404

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Several studies of cocaine-exposed and nonexposed children have observed no association between prenatal cocaine exposure and language development measured by standardized assessments (Bland-Stewart et al, 1998;Espy et al, 1999;Hawley et al, 1995;Hurt et al, 1997;Phelps and Cottone, 1999). Others have noted results consistent with the findings of the present study, but the sample sizes were appreciably smaller and none reported results past the preschool period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Bandstra

Vogel

Morrow

et al. 2004

Substance Use & Misuse

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The current study estimates the longitudinal effects of severity of prenatal cocaine exposure on language functioning in an urban sample of full-term African-American children (200 cocaineexposed, 176 noncocaine-exposed) through age 7 years. The Miami Prenatal Cocaine Study sample was enrolled prospectively at birth, with documentation of prenatal drug exposure status through maternal interview and toxicology assays of maternal and infant urine and infant meconium. Language functioning was measured at ages 3 and 5 years using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool (CELF-P) and at age 7 years using the Core Language Domain of the NEPSY: A Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment. Longitudinal latent growth curve analyses were used to examine two components of language functioning, a more stable aptitude for language performance and a time-varying trajectory of language development, across the three time points and their relationship to varying levels of prenatal cocaine exposure. Severity of prenatal cocaine exposure was characterized using a latent construct combining maternal self-report of cocaine use during pregnancy by trimesters and maternal and infant bioassays, allowing all available information to be taken into account. The association between severity of exposure and language functioning was examined within a model including factors for fetal growth, gestational age, and IQ as intercorrelated response variables and child's age, gender, and prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana exposure as covariates. Results indicated that greater severity of prenatal cocaine exposure was associated with greater deficits within the more stable aptitude for language performance (D = −0.071, 95% CI = −0.133, −0.009; p = 0.026). There was no relationship between severity of prenatal cocaine exposure and the time-varying trajectory of language development. The observed cocaineassociated deficit was independent of multiple alternative suspected sources of variation in language performance, including other potential responses to prenatal cocaine exposure, such as child's intellectual functioning, and other birth and postnatal influences, including language stimulation in the home environment.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Bandstra

Vogel

Morrow

et al. 2004

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…Previous studies of behavioral outcomes have suggested that long-term behavioral PCE effects are subtle [1,5,28,31,33,49,57,58] and there are limited neuroimaging studies that examine the functional neural basis of this teratological effect. In the present fMRI study, we found evidence that PCE is associated with altered arousal regulation between two systems that have been characterized as the dorsal cognitive and ventral emotion systems [23,25,45,66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal cocaine exposure alters emotional arousal regulation and its effects on working memory

Coles

Lynch

et al. 2009

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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While prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) has been associated with arousal dysregulation and attentional impairments in both human and animal studies, the neurobiological bases of these teratogenic effects have not been well characterized. In the current study, we report functional neuroimaging observations of these effects in exposed youth. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we embedded task-irrelevant emotional distracters in a working memory task to examine the interaction of emotional arousal and memory in 33 PCE and 23 non-exposed adolescents. Though with similar behavioral performance, the two groups exhibited different activation patterns associated with emotion-memory interactions. On the one hand, higher memory load attenuated emotion-related amygdala activation in controls but not in the exposed adolescents; on the other hand, prefrontal activation associated with memory load decreased in the presence of emotional distraction in the controls but increased in the exposed group. These group interaction differences suggest neurobiological substrates for arousal-associated neuronal alterations related to prenatal cocaine exposure. Consistent with previous findings in behavioral and physiological studies, the present neuroimaging data provided more in-depth evidence supporting the view that PCE has significant long-term teratogenic effect on arousal regulation system.

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“…In contrast, studies of global intellectual functioning generally have not found cocainerelated deficits (Azuma & Chasnoff, 1993;Frank, Augustyn, Knight, Pell, & Zuckerman, 2001;Griffith et al, 1994;Hawley, Halle, Drasin, & Thomas, 1995;Hurt et al, 1995;Hurt, Malmud, Betancourt, Brodsky, & Giannetta, 2001;Hurt et al, 1998;Kilbride, Castor, Hoffman, & Fuger, 2000;Nulman et al, 1994;Phelps & Cottone, 1999;Richardson, Conroy, & Day, 1996;Wasserman et al, 1998). Nonetheless, exceptions exist (Alessandri, Bendersky, & Lewis, 1998;Singer et al, 1997;van Baar & de Graaff, 1994).…”

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk.

Bennett¹,

Bendersky²,

Lewis³

2002

Developmental Psychology

113

107

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The authors examined 223 children at age 4 years for the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure, exposure to other substances, maternal and environmental risk factors, and neonatal medical problems on IQ, externalizing problems, and internalizing problems. Regression analyses showed that maternal verbal IQ and low environmental risk predicted child IQ. Cocaine exposure negatively predicted children's overall IQ and verbal reasoning scores, but only for boys. Cocaine exposure also predicted poorer short-term memory. Maternal harsh discipline, maternal depressive symptoms, and increased environmental risk predicted externalizing problems. In contrast, only maternal depressive symptoms predicted internalizing problems. These findings indicate that early exposure to substances is largely unrelated to subsequent IQ or adjustment, particularly for girls. Two important attributes studied in preschool-age children are intelligence and emotionalbehavioral adjustment. By age 4 years, IQ scores are relatively stable and predict academic success during the first few years of elementary school (Kaplan, 1996; Sameroff, Seifer, Baldwin, & Baldwin, 1993). Similarly, externalizing and internalizing problems also exhibit significant stability by age 4, and externalizing problems, in particular, predict later academic and social problems (

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Long-Term Developmental Outcomes of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Severity of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure and Child Language Functioning Through Age Seven Years: A Longitudinal Latent Growth Curve Analysis

Prenatal cocaine exposure alters emotional arousal regulation and its effects on working memory

Children's intellectual and emotional-behavioral adjustment at 4 years as a function of cocaine exposure, maternal characteristics, and environmental risk.

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