Long-term consistency in chimpanzee consolation behaviour reflects empathetic personalities

Webb, Christine E.; Romero, Teresa; Franks, Becca; Waal, Frans B. M. de

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00360-7

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…However, many non-human animals use their brains to make complex decisions, plan for the future, have concepts of objects that are not present, use tools, communicate, deceive, and show empathy [4]. Examples of empathy include a chimpanzee responding to another during childbirth, a dolphin lifting a human swimmer in difficulty or a sick dolphin, and a pet dog responding to another individual that is in pain; some of these are shown in [7][8][9]. The basic concepts of biology are the same for humans and other species and almost all biological systems occur in all vertebrates, including humans, so if each human is considered important, each other vertebrate individual could reasonably be considered to be important [10].…”

Section: Who Are We?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Tarazona

Ceballos

Broom

2019

Animals

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Excessive human population growth, uncontrolled use of natural resources, including deforestation, mining, wasteful systems, biodiversity reduction by agriculture, and damaging climate change affect the existence of all animals, including humans. This discussion is now urgent and people are rethinking their links with the animals we use for clothing, food, work, companionship, entertainment, and research. The concepts of one health, one welfare, and one biology are discussed as a background to driving global change. Nothing should be exploited without considering the ethics of the action and the consequences. This review concerns domesticated animals, including those used for human consumption of meat, eggs, and milk; horses kept for work; and dogs kept for company. Animal welfare includes health, emotional state, and comfort while moving and resting, and is affected by possibilities to show behavior and relationships with others of the same species or with humans. We show some examples of the relations between humans and domesticated animals in the environmental context, including zoonotic diseases, and consider the consequences and the new paradigms resulting from current awareness.

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Section: Who Are We?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Tarazona

Ceballos

Broom

2019

Animals

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“…Guidelines on an "optimal" between-testing period length are, however, somewhat vague and largely depend on the life cycle of the species in question. Studies using animals with short life cycles, for example, invertebrates, report a relatively short period between two repeated tests of several hours to days (Fisher et al, 2015;Schuett et al, 2011), while studies on most mammals and birds make longer gaps between testing, that is, several weeks or months (Miller et al, 2015;Webb et al, 2017;Wuerz & Krüger, 2015;Herde & Eccard, 2013). However, it is still unclear whether the obtained personality constructs are stable across longer time periods (e.g., several years), which might have special importance for long-living species, such as primates (but see e.g., Dutton, 2008;Stevenson-Hinde et al, 1980a;Weiss et al, 2017;Zablocki-Thomas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal consistency and ecological validity of personality structure in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A unifying field and laboratory approach

Šlipogor

Massen

Schiel

et al. 2021

American J Primatol

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Personality in animals has been extensively researched in recent decades. Temporal consistency of behaviors is almost always part of the personality definition and is usually explored in several different testing sessions or observation periods. However, it is still unclear whether the obtained personality constructs are stable across several years, which might be especially important for long-living animals, such as primates. Further, little is known on whether the personality structures obtained in the laboratory reflect the structures obtained under ecologically relevant conditions in the wild. Therefore, we conducted a battery of personality tests on common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (N = 27), compared it with a test battery conducted 4 years beforehand on a subset of animals in captivity (N = 13) and ran an adapted version under field conditions at Baracuhy Biological Field Station, Brazil (N = 18). Under captive conditions, we found a remarkably similar personality structure across 4 testing years. Further, we found high long-term temporal consistency in the first two personality components, Boldness and Exploration; however, monkeys that changed their social (i.e., breeding) status between the two testing periods showed a significant increase in Boldness scores. Under field conditions, we found a somewhat similar personality structure as compared to the laboratory, which to some extent corroborates ecological validity of our personality test design. Nevertheless, whether the structure in the wild is suppressed or expanded in comparison to captivity, and in which way the social setting influences personality structure, should be further explored. Taken together, our results contribute to the discussion about the reliability and ecological validity of personality structures in nonhuman primates.

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“…That some subjects in our study rarely reconciled, while others did so rather frequently, is an area that also warrants further study. Individual variation may reflect the variable quality of the relationships of different individuals (with higher reconcilers having more valuable bonds) or stable individual differences, as recently emphasized by work incorporating conflict management skills as a component of broader animal personality (Webb, Franks, Romero, Higgins, & de Waal, 2014;Webb, Romero, Franks, & de Waal, 2017;Webb & Verbeek, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Friend or foe: reconciliation between males and females in wild chacma baboons

et al. 2019

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Male aggression towards females is a common and often costly occurrence in species that live in bisexual groups. But preferential heterosexual relationships are also known to confer numerous fitness advantages to both sexes-making it of interest to explore how aggression is managed among male-female dyads through strategies like reconciliation (i.e., post-conflict affiliative reunions between former opponents). In this study, we build on traditional PC-MC, time-rule, and rate methods to validate a novel methodological approach that tests for the presence and form of reconciliation between male and female wild chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). We show that heterosexual opponents exhibit friendly post-conflict reunions, further demonstrating that reconciliation occurs almost exclusively between males and pregnant/lactating females who form tight social bonds. Such 'friendships' represent stable associations offering proximate and ultimate benefits to both parties-mainly improving (future) offspring survival. This aligns our findings with the Valuable Relationship Hypothesis, which predicts rates of reconciliation to increase with the fitness consequences of the opponents' bond. Moreover, patterns concerning the initiative to reconcile reveal that males are as likely as females to initiate reconciliation, suggesting that males play a heretofore underappreciated role in maintaining heterosexual friendships. Beyond proposing a multivariate methodological technique applicable to other long-term observational datasets, the present research illuminates how male-female aggression in promiscuous societies may be mitigated via relationship-repair strategies like reconciliation, the balance in those efforts between partners shedding new light on the mutual investment in such bonds.

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Long-term consistency in chimpanzee consolation behaviour reflects empathetic personalities

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Temporal consistency and ecological validity of personality structure in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus): A unifying field and laboratory approach

Friend or foe: reconciliation between males and females in wild chacma baboons

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