Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Tarazona, Ariel; Ceballos, Maria Camila; Broom, Donald M.

doi:10.3390/ani10010043

Cited by 83 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…A baseline understanding of such a diverse population will establish a demographic and lifespan description against which future studies of particular groups, specific risk factors, or health interventions can be compared. Based on the One Health and One Welfare paradigms [2,[51][52][53], data such as these may have implications for similar studies of human health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States

Urfer

Kaeberlein

Promislow

et al. 2020

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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Background: The privately owned companion dog is an emerging model in comparative medicine, notably because it shares the human environment including its risk factors, is affected by many analogous age-related diseases, receives comparable medical care, and has excellent veterinary medical data available. Past studies of dog lifespan have used academic, corporate or insurance data. While independent primary care data exist for the UK, none have as of yet been published for the US. This study analyzed data from three independent primary care US veterinary hospitals and identified factors that influence lifespan and mortality in a cohort of n = 20,970 privately owned dogs using Kaplan-Meier survival estimators and Cox Proportional Hazards modelling, including body size as a covariate. Results: As previously reported, body size was negatively correlated with lifespan. Gonadectomy was associated with a longer lifespan, with the effect being stronger in females than in males. This lifespan advantage was conserved in gonadectomized female dogs that lived to at least ages 5 and 8 years. We did not find significant differences in lifespan between purebred and mixed breed dogs; however, breeds with larger effective population sizes and/or lower inbreeding coefficients had median survival times 3-6 months longer than breeds with smaller effective population sizes or higher inbreeding coefficients, indicating that these measures of genetic diversity may be affecting breed lifespans. We also found that dog breeds belonging to the "Mountain" ancestral group had median survival times that were 3.5-4.6 years shorter than other purebred dog groups, which remained significant even when correcting for body size. Conclusions: Our findings show that it is possible to obtain and analyze data from independent veterinary clinics in the US, an approach that could be useful for studies of comparative epidemiology under the One Health and One Welfare paradigms. We also show that the lifespan effects of gonadectomy are not identical between the sexes and should be investigated separately by sex in future analyses. More research is needed to further clarify the influence of age at gonadectomy, as well as the factors leading to the observed differences in lifespan in the "Mountain" ancestral group and in dog breeds of varying inbreeding coefficients and effective population sizes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States

Urfer

Kaeberlein

Promislow

et al. 2020

Canine Genet Epidemiol

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“…Clearly, there is not a "one size fits all" solution (153,157). We must create context specific solutions, which are best developed by rigorous collaboration between disciplines (158), which consider individuals, communities, populations, and ecosystems (159) and which are supported by connected research, incentives, and political will (135).…”

Section: Long Term System Overhaulmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Effects on Livestock Production: A One Welfare Issue

Marchant‐Forde

Boyle

2020

Front. Vet. Sci.

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The COVID-19 pandemic highlights that we exist in a global community. From a single city, it spread to 188 countries across the world and infected 30 million people by September 18, 2020. Decades of modeling pandemics predicted potential consequences, but COVID-19's impact on the food supply chain, and specifically livestock production was unexpected. Clusters of cases among workers in meat processing plants evolved quickly to affect human, animal, and environmental welfare in several countries. In processing plants, the hygiene focus is on product quality and food safety. Because of their close proximity to one another, COVID-19 spread rapidly between workers and the lack of sick leave and health insurance likely resulted in workers continuing to work when infectious. In the United States (U.S.) many processing plants shut down when they identified major outbreaks, putting pressure especially on pig and poultry industries. At one point, there was a 45% reduction in pig processing capacity meaning about 250,000 pigs per day were not slaughtered. This resulted in longer transport distances to plants in operation with extra capacity, but also to crowding of animals on farm. Producers were encouraged to slow growth rates, but some had to cull animals on farm in ways that likely included suffering and caused considerable upset to owners and workers. Carcass disposal was also associated with potential biosecurity risks and detrimental effects on the environment. Hence, this is a One Welfare issue, affecting human, animal, and environmental welfare and highlighting the fragility of intensive, high-throughput livestock production systems. This model needs to be reshaped to include the animal, human, and environmental elements across the farm to fork chain. Such a One Welfare approach will ensure that food production systems are resilient, flexible, and fair in the face of future challenges.

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“…Others have adopted a similar perspective. For instance, a recent review of domestic cats called for the emphasis to be placed on the breadth of roles they play within human societies [134], while another review [135] demonstrated the health and environmental consequences of the relationships between humans and domesticated animals. The approach outlined here is a case study for a novel model of examining the ecology of humans, not in the traditional sense as an isolated species of ecosystem engineers, but embedded in relationships with domesticated animals who serve as an impact multiplier.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Humanity’s Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach to Addressing Global Challenges

Sykes

Beirne

Horowitz

et al. 2020

Animals

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Simple Summary: The Earth is under increasing pressure from the burgeoning global human population and the subsequent rise in demand for food and a myriad of other finite resources. Mitigating the environmental, societal and ecological impact of the human footprint requires understanding the long-term relationships between our species and the plants and animals we now rely upon. In addition, the modern scientific approach often conceives of, and addresses individual problems through narrow windows that can fail to take into account the connectedness of multiple problems. By broadening the scope of inquiry to include both science and humanities perspectives, and simultaneously focussing on a single species, we suggest that many of the United Nations Strategic Development Goals (SDGs) can be addressed more effectively. In this paper, we describe Animals 2020, 10, 502 2 of 18 how a comprehensive assessment of the long-term relationship between humans and dogs can yield insights, and offer ways in which modern global challenges can be tackled. Abstract:No other animal has a closer mutualistic relationship with humans than the dog (Canis familiaris). Domesticated from the Eurasian grey wolf (Canis lupus), dogs have evolved alongside humans over millennia in a relationship that has transformed dogs and the environments in which humans and dogs have co-inhabited. The story of the dog is the story of recent humanity, in all its biological and cultural complexity. By exploring human-dog-environment interactions throughout time and space, it is possible not only to understand vital elements of global history, but also to critically assess our present-day relationship with the natural world, and to begin to mitigate future global challenges. In this paper, co-authored by researchers from across the natural and social sciences, arts and humanities, we argue that a dog-centric approach provides a new model for future academic enquiry and engagement with both the public and the global environmental agenda.

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Human Relationships with Domestic and Other Animals: One Health, One Welfare, One Biology

Cited by 83 publications

References 145 publications

Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States

Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States

COVID-19 Effects on Livestock Production: A One Welfare Issue

Humanity’s Best Friend: A Dog-Centric Approach to Addressing Global Challenges

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