Long‐term Changes in Postnatal Susceptibility to Pilocarpine‐induced Seizures in Rats Exposed to Gamma Radiation at Different Stages of Prenatal Development

Setkowicz, Zuzanna; Kłak, Kinga; Janeczko, Krzysztof

doi:10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.08203.x

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Motor symptoms were rated on the six-point scale used in our previous studies [20]. Additionally, the observations provided the data on general parameters of SE such as the latency of the first motor signs (TL) and the total time of seizure activity within the observation period (T).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the hippocampal frequency of creatine inclusions between the acute and latent phases of pilocarpine model defined using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy

et al. 2013

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Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of epilepsy in adults. Of the animal models developed to investigate the pathogenesis of TLE, the one with pilocarpine-induced seizures is most often used. After pilocarpine administration in animals, three distinct periods—acute, latent, and chronic—can be distinguished according to their behavior. The present paper is the continuation of our previous study which has shown an increased occurrence of creatine inclusions in rat hippocampal formations from the acute phase of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) and positive correlation between their quantity and the total time of seizure activity within the observation period. In this paper, we tried to verify if anomalies in hippocampal creatine accumulation were the temporary or permanent effect of pilocarpine-evoked seizures. To realize this purpose, male Wistar rats in the latent phase (3 days after pilocarpine administration) were examined. The results obtained for the period when stabilization of animal behavior and EEG occurs were afterwards compared with ones obtained for the acute phase of pilocarpine-induced SE and for naive controls. To investigate the frequency of creatine inclusions within the hippocampal formation as well as in its selected areas (sectors 1–3 of Ammon’s horn (CA1–CA3), dentate gyrus (DG), and hilus of DG) and cellular layers (pyramidal, molecular, multiform, and granular cell layers), synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy was used. The applied technique, being a combination of light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy, allowed us to localize microscopic details in the analyzed samples and provided information concerning their chemical composition. Moreover, the use of a synchrotron source of IR radiation allowed us to carry out the research at the diffraction-limited spatial resolution which, because of the typical size of creatine inclusions (from a few to dozens of micrometers), was necessary for our study. The comparison of epileptic animals in the latent phase with controls showed statistically significant increase in the number of creatine inclusions for most of the analyzed hippocampal regions, all examined cellular layers, as well as the whole hippocampal formation. Moreover, for the hilus of the DG and CA3 area, the number of creatine deposits was higher in the latent than in the acute phase after pilocarpine injection. In light of the obtained results, an anomaly in the hippocampal accumulation of creatine is the long-term effect of pilocarpine-evoked seizures, and the intensity of this phenomenon may increase with time passing from the primary injury.FigureThe comparison of baseline corrected IR spectra recorded in selected creatine inclusion and nervous tissue (A). The microscopic view of the DG hippocampal area from the animal representing the SE72H group; creatine deposits are visible as darker points (B). The distributions of selected creatine bands: 2,800 cm−1 (C), 1,398 cm−1 (D), and 1,304 cm−1 (E) in the rectangular tissue ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the hippocampal frequency of creatine inclusions between the acute and latent phases of pilocarpine model defined using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy

et al. 2013

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“…The scale was applied in our previous study 27 and corresponded to that introduced by Racine 28 and widely used in studies on animal models of epilepsy. The motor seizure intensity was rated on a 6-point scale with respect to the symptoms and their intensities.…”

Section: Behavioral Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemical changes in hippocampal formation occurring in normal and seizure experiencing rats as a result of a ketogenic diet

Chwiej

Skoczen

Janeczko

et al. 2015

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In this study, ketogenic diet-induced biochemical changes occurring in normal and epileptic hippocampal formations were compared. Four groups of rats were analyzed, namely seizure experiencing animals and normal rats previously fed with ketogenic (KSE and K groups respectively) or standard laboratory diet (NSE and N groups respectively). Synchrotron radiation based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy was used for the analysis of distributions of the main organic components (proteins, lipids, compounds containing phosphate group(s)) and their structural modifications as well as anomalies in creatine accumulation with micrometer spatial resolution. Infrared spectra recorded in the molecular layers of the dentate gyrus (DG) areas of normal rats on a ketogenic diet (K) presented increased intensity of the 1740 cm(-1) absorption band. This originates from the stretching vibrations of carbonyl groups and probably reflects increased accumulation of ketone bodies occurring in animals on a high fat diet compared to those fed with a standard laboratory diet (N). The comparison of K and N groups showed, moreover, elevated ratios of absorbance at 1634 and 1658 cm(-1) for DG internal layers and increased accumulation of creatine deposits in sector 3 of the Ammon's horn (CA3) hippocampal area of ketogenic diet fed rats. In multiform and internal layers of CA3, seizure experiencing animals on ketogenic diet (KSE) presented a lower ratio of absorbance at 1634 and 1658 cm(-1) compared to rats on standard laboratory diet (NSE). Moreover, in some of the examined cellular layers, the increased intensity of the 2924 cm(-1) lipid band as well as the massifs of 2800-3000 cm(-1) and 1360-1480 cm(-1), was found in KSE compared to NSE animals. The intensity of the 1740 cm(-1) band was diminished in DG molecular layers of KSE rats. The ketogenic diet did not modify the seizure induced anomalies in the unsaturation level of lipids or the number of creatine deposits.

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“…However the frequency and severity of the seizures in this model appear to be mild relative to many other model of epilepsy; also the percentage of animals that demonstrate spontaneous seizures may be lower than in most models of epilepsy. Irradiated rats also show increased susceptibility to seizures in response to pilocarpine (Setkowicz et al, 2003). Irradiated rats show learning and memory impairment relative to both hippocampal and neocortical dysfunction (Zhou et al, 2011) and long-term potentiation is impaired in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in irradiated rats (Zhou and Roper, 2012).…”

Section: Animal Models Of Different Types Of Malformations Of Cortmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic animal models of malformations of cortical development and epilepsy

Wong

Roper

2016

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Malformations of cortical development constitute a variety of pathological brain abnormalities that commonly cause severe, medically-refractory epilepsy, including focal lesions, such as focal cortical dysplasia, hetereotopias, and tubers of tuberous sclerosis complex, and diffuse malformations, such as lissencephaly. Although some cortical malformations result from environmental insults during cortical development in utero, genetic factors are increasingly recognized as primary pathogenic factors across the entire spectrum of malformations. Genes implicated in causing different cortical malformations are involved in a variety of physiological functions, but many are focused on regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and neuronal migration. Advances in molecular genetic methods have allowed the engineering of increasingly sophisticated animal models of cortical malformations and associated epilepsy. These animal models have identified some common mechanistic themes shared by a number of different cortical malformations, but also revealed the diversity and complexity of cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to the development of the pathological lesions and resulting epileptogenesis.

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Long‐term Changes in Postnatal Susceptibility to Pilocarpine‐induced Seizures in Rats Exposed to Gamma Radiation at Different Stages of Prenatal Development

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Differences in the hippocampal frequency of creatine inclusions between the acute and latent phases of pilocarpine model defined using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy

Differences in the hippocampal frequency of creatine inclusions between the acute and latent phases of pilocarpine model defined using synchrotron radiation-based FTIR microspectroscopy

The biochemical changes in hippocampal formation occurring in normal and seizure experiencing rats as a result of a ketogenic diet

Genetic animal models of malformations of cortical development and epilepsy

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