Long‐Term Changes in Mollisol Organic Carbon and Nitrogen

David, Mark B.; McIsaac, Gregory F.; Darmody, Robert G.; Omonode, Rex A.

doi:10.2134/jeq2008.0132er

Cited by 26 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…Sometimes researchers have not separated the measurements of SOC stocks of an eroded land unit from the SOC stocks transported and deposited on the depositional unit (David et al 2011). This can result in an inaccurate overestimation of SOC sequestration in depositional land units (Kreznor et al 1989(Kreznor et al , 1990(Kreznor et al , 1992.…”

Section: Land Unit Type Considerations When Measuring Soil Organicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon stocks

Olson¹,

Al‐Kaisi²,

Lal³

et al. 2016

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

119

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Section: Land Unit Type Considerations When Measuring Soil Organicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon stocks

Olson¹,

Al‐Kaisi²,

Lal³

et al. 2016

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

119

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“…In the Midwestern US, landscape-scale conversion from perennial to annual crops has resulted in significantly increased streamflow and base flow 45 , increased sediment 46 and nutrient 47 delivery to streams, and the formation of hypoxic zones in the Gulf of Mexico 48 . Perennial plants can restore water purification and flow regulation services to these agriculturally dominated landscapes through several mechanisms.…”

Section: Hydrologic Regulation and Water Purificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the Great Plains region, McLauchlan 142 estimated that reestablishment of perennial grasslands on former agricultural lands could rebuild soil organic C pools to levels equivalent to unplowed native prairie within 55-75 years, while Matamala et al 145 estimated that within a century restored tallgrass prairie vegetation in Illinois would reach 50% of its soil C storage potential. Differences in C accrual rates across sites and soil depths due to variation in root distribution, rhizosphere activity 146,147 and vertical retranslocation of soil C 47,146 may account for some of this variability.…”

Section: Climate Regulation and Climate Change Mitigation And Adaptationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting perennial vegetation in agricultural landscapes for enhancing ecosystem services

Asbjornsen

Hernández‐Santana

Liebman

et al. 2013

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

235

168

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Over the past century, agricultural landscapes worldwide have increasingly been managed for the primary purpose of producing food, while other diverse ecosystem services potentially available from these landscapes have often been undervalued and diminished. The incorporation of relatively small amounts of perennial vegetation in strategic locations within agricultural landscapes dominated by annual crops-or perennialization-creates an opportunity for enhancing the provision of a wide range of goods and services to society, such as water purification, hydrologic regulation, pollination services, control of pest and pathogen populations, diverse food and fuel products, and greater resilience to climate change and extreme disturbances, while at the same time improving the sustainability of food production. This paper synthesizes the current scientific theory and evidence for the role of perennial plants in balancing conservation with agricultural production, focusing on the Midwestern USA as a model system, while also drawing comparisons with other climatically diverse regions of the world. Particular emphasis is given to identifying promising opportunities for advancement and critical gaps in our knowledge related to purposefully integrating perennial vegetation into agroecosystems as a management tool for maximizing multiple benefits to society. AbstractOver the past century, agricultural landscapes worldwide have increasingly been managed for the primary purpose of producing food, while other diverse ecosystem services potentially available from these landscapes have often been undervalued and diminished. The incorporation of relatively small amounts of perennial vegetation in strategic locations within agricultural landscapes dominated by annual crops-or perennialization-creates an opportunity for enhancing the provision of a wide range of goods and services to society, such as water purification, hydrologic regulation, pollination services, control of pest and pathogen populations, diverse food and fuel products, and greater resilience to climate change and extreme disturbances, while at the same time improving the sustainability of food production. This paper synthesizes the current scientific theory and evidence for the role of perennial plants in balancing conservation with agricultural production, focusing on the Midwestern USA as a model system, while also drawing comparisons with other climatically diverse regions of the world. Particular emphasis is given to identifying promising opportunities for advancement and critical gaps in our knowledge related to purposefully integrating perennial vegetation into agroecosystems as a management tool for maximizing multiple benefits to society.

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“…However, several studies have found that over time NT management increased SOC at shallow depths in the soil at the expense of SOC in the lower layers, resulting in no net increase in SOC within the soil profile (Blanco-Canqui and Lal 2008;Christopher et al 2009;David et al 2009). The decrease in SOC at lower depths has been explained by reduced incorporation of crop residues and less root C input in NT management compared to conventional tillage (Baker et al 2007;Yang et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

What does it take to detect a change in soil carbon stock? A regional comparison of minimum detectable difference and experiment duration in the north central United States

Necpálová¹,

Anex²,

Kravchenko³

et al. 2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) results from natural and human processes interacting across time and space, and leads to large variation in the minimum difference in SOC that can be detected with a particular experimental design. Here we report a unique comparison of minimum detectable differences (MDDs) in SOC, and the estimated times required to observe those MDDs across the north central United States, calculated for the two most common SOC experiments: (1) a comparison between two treatments, e.g., moldboard plow (MP) and no-tillage (NT), using a randomized complete block design experiment; and (2) a comparison of changes in SOC over time for a particular treatment, e.g., NT, using a randomized complete block design experiment with time as an additional factor. We estimated the duration of the two experiment types required to achieve MDD through simulation of SOC dynamics. Data for the study came from 13 experimental sites located in Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, and Minnesota. Soil organic carbon, bulk density, and texture were measured at four soil depths. Minimum detectable differences were calculated with probability of Type I error of 0.05 and probability of Type II error of 0.15.The MDDs in SOC were highly variable across the region and increased with soil depth. At 0 to 10 cm (0 to 3.9 in) soil depth, MDDs with five replications ranged from 1.04 g C kg -1 (0.017 oz C lb ; 3%) to 3.12 g C kg -1 (0.050 oz C lb -1 ; 13%) for SOC change over time. Large differences were also predicted in the experiment duration required to detect a difference in SOC between MP and NT (from 8 to >100 years with five replications), or a change in SOC over time under NT management (from 11 to 71 years with five replications). At most locations, the time required to detect a change in SOC under NT was shorter than the time required to detect a difference between MP and NT. Minimum detectable difference and experiment duration decreased with the number of replications and were correlated with SOC variability and soil texture of the experimental sites, i.e., they tended to be lower in fine textured soils. Experiment duration was also reduced by increased crop productivity and the amount of residue left on the soil. The relationships and methods described here enable the design of experiments with high power of detecting differences and changes in SOC and enhance our understanding of how management practices influence SOC storage.

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Long‐Term Changes in Mollisol Organic Carbon and Nitrogen

Cited by 26 publications

References 0 publications

Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon stocks

Impact of soil erosion on soil organic carbon stocks

Targeting perennial vegetation in agricultural landscapes for enhancing ecosystem services

What does it take to detect a change in soil carbon stock? A regional comparison of minimum detectable difference and experiment duration in the north central United States

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