Long-Term Broadcast and Banded Phosphorus Fertilization of Corn Produced Using Two Tillage Systems

Abstract

Surface‐broadcasting P is a management concern in no‐till (NT) corn (Zea mays L.) production. Field research was established in 1983 and continued through 1993 to evaluate broadcast and banded P applications for corn produced utilizing NT and disk‐till (DT) systems on a Loring silt loam (Oxyaquic Fragiudalfs). A wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cover was established each fall. The tillage systems were main plots with a factorial arrangement of broadcast P rates, and the N + P band treatments were subplots. Annual broadcast P rates were 0, 20, 39, and 59 kg ha−1 A 22–20–0 kg ha−1 N + P band was applied after planting. All plots received a total of 168 kg N ha−1 each year. Disk‐till yields were higher than NT yields for 5 of the 11 yr and were increased by P rates up to 39 kg ha−1. No‐till yields were increased with P rates up to 20 kg ha−1. Yield response to banding N + P was inconsistent with year, tillage, and P rates. Three banded N + P plus broadcast P combinations equal to a broadcast P rate were applied each of the 11 yr. Yields for 5 of the 33 comparisons were increased by the banded plus broadcast P combination while three yields were reduced relative to broadcasting equal P rates. Yields for the other 25 comparisons were similar. Extractable P (EP) was increased with increased broadcast P rates, but the yield response was generally restricted to low EP situations.

Yield response to fertilization strategies in no-tillage soybean, corn and common bean crops

“…There is high root concentration (Yibirin et al, 1993) and hyphae and mycorrhiza spores (Kabir et al, 1998) in the first centimeters in the superficial layer in no-tillage systems which increases the possibility of absorption of nutrients applied or accumulated in this layer. In no-tillage, the superficial nutrient application has propitiated similar yields to the furrow application in several crops (Oliveira et al, 1992, Kochhann et al, 1998Bordoli and Mallarino, 1998;Borges and Mallarino 2000;Heckman and Kamprath, 1992;Sguario Jr., 2000, Howard et al, 2002 or even superior (Buah et al, 2000), but can vary acording to crop (Pöttker, 1999). This long period study aimed to evaluate the effect of strategies in the starter fertilizer application on grain yield and its components in corn, soybeans and common beans in rotation and no-tillage system.…”

Atributos químicos de um latossolo bruno sob sistema plantio direto em função da estratégia de adubação e do método de amostragem de solo

“…Os teores foram maiores, quanto mais superficial foi a amostra (Quadro 3). Esta concentração superficial foi observada por diversos autores (Muzilli, 1983;Eckert & Johnson, 1985;Eltz et al, 1989;Merten & Mielniczuk, 1991;Holanda et al, 1998;Howard et al, 2002;Pauletti et al, 2005) e ocorre pela falta de revolvimento do solo. No caso do P, também pode ocorrer no plantio direto menor adsorção na camada superficial devido ao recobrimento dos sítios de adsorção por radicais orgânicos e substituição de íons fosfatos por íons orgânicos nesses sítios (Tisdale et al, 1985), além do menor contato desse elemento com os sítios de adsorção por falta de revolvimento.…”

“…A aplicação dos adubos em sulcos, sem posterior revolvimento do solo, aumenta as variabilidades horizontal e vertical dos atributos químicos do solo, que são intensificadas pela concentração de nutrientes e matéria orgânica nas camadas superficiais, observação unânime em áreas sob plantio direto (Muzilli, 1983;Eckert & Johnson, 1985;Eltz et al, 1989;Merten & Mielniczuk, 1991;Holanda et al, 1998;Howard et al, 2002;Pauletti et al, 2005). Devido a essa concentração superficial, em algumas regiões do Brasil é sugerida a coleta de amostras de solo para avaliação da fertilidade na profundidade de 0-5 e 5-10 cm (CFSEMG, 1999) ou na profundidade de 0-10 cm (CQFS-RS/SC, 2004), substituindo a coleta na profundidade de 0-20 cm, usualmente recomendada para sistemas que apresentam uniformização da camada superficial pelo revolvimento mecânico.…”

Utility of Phosphorus Enhancers and Strip-Tillage for Corn Production

“…Cooler soil temperatures were due to greater residue cover on the soil surface in NT (89%) than in CT (14%). Howard et al (2002) studied yield response between disk-till and NT in Tennessee. Disk-till yields were 0.59 to 1.34 Mg ha -1 greater than NT in 5 of the 11 site-years.…”