“…This is known as an early programming phenomenon, or priming of developing brain to pathological conditions due to experiencing the prenatal, intranatal, or early postnatal stress [ 4 ]. Stress response is always associated with hyperactivation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and sympathetic nervous system, establishment of pro-inflammatory mechanisms, and long-lasting epigenomic changes that affect normal development of brain cells, multicellular ensembles, and neural circuits [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. In addition, ELS results in dramatic metabolic changes leading to insulin resistance, obesity, and metabolic syndrome [ 9 , 10 ].…”