Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women

Schikowski, Tamara; Sugiri, Dorothea; Ranft, Ulrich; Gehring, Ulrike; Heinrich, Joachim; Wichmann, H‐Erich; Krämer, Ursula

doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-152

Cited by 334 publications

(286 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…37,38 Its role as a risk factor for the development of COPD remains controversial. 39,40 Pollutants claimed as potentially harmful are particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter Ͻ 10 m (PM 10 ), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. Porto is an urban city with few green areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study on the Prevalence of Spirometric Obstructive Pattern in Porto, Portugal

et al. 2011

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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of obstructive lung disease (OLD) based on clinical grounds is challenging. There have been no population-based COPD studies that collected pulmonary function data in Portugal, a country in transition between phases 2 and 3 of the smoking epidemic. OB-JECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of obstructive pattern on spirometry in a representative sample of adults from Porto, Portugal. METHODS: We conducted a health survey between 2001 and 2003, and 758 participants > 40 years old had reliable spirometry. We used a structured questionnaire to collect demographic, clinical, social, and behavioral data. Obstructive pattern was defined as FEV 1 /FVC < 70%. Logistic regression was performed to quantify the association between socio-demographic and clinical factors and outcome. RESULTS: The participants' mean ؎ SD age was 58.5 ؎ 11.5 years, and 62% were women. The prevalence of spirometric obstructive pattern was 10.7%, 95% CI 8.6 -13.1%; 13.4% in men, and 9.1% in women (P ‫؍‬ .08). The age-adjusted odds ratios for cumulative smoking exposure of less than and more than 20 pack years, in comparison with never smokers, were 3.49 (95% CI 1.02-11.92) and 3.91 (95% CI 1.29 -11.89) among men, and 1.47 (95% CI 0.53-4.08) and 2.68 (95% CI 1.07-6.68) among women, respectively. Previously diagnosed OLD was reported by 30.9% (95% CI 21.1-42.1%) of the participants with spirometric obstructive pattern. Spirometry confirmed the OLD diagnosis in 20.5% (95% CI 13.7-28.7%) of subjects who self-reported OLD (kappa ‫؍‬ 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.20). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of spirometric obstructive pattern was high. Considering Portugal's position in the smoking epidemic, together with the aging of the population, we can expect an increase in the prevalence of OLD in older people and in women. Our results confirm the limited validity of self-reported OLD in epidemiological studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population-Based Study on the Prevalence of Spirometric Obstructive Pattern in Porto, Portugal

et al. 2011

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“…About 10% of the cohort studied by Gehring et al (2006) lived within 50 m of a ''major'' road (410,000 vpd). The minimum distance to ''major'' roadways was 6 m in the study of Schikowski et al (2005), for which the ''high''-exposure group (18.5%) was defined as within 100 m. Thus, given the exponential decay of pollutant concentrations downwind of roadways, it is clear that actual residential exposures may vary substantially, even within ''high''-exposure subsets. A few studies have used proximity to roadways as a continuous rather than a categorical predictor variable (see Gauderman et al, 2005, for example).…”

Section: Exposure Measurements and Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hypertension and road traffic noise (Bluhm et al, 2007). Impaired respiratory health (Oosterlee et al, 1996;Schikowski et al, 2005;Bayer-Oglesby et al, 2006;Sunyer et al, 2006;Brauer et al, 2007;Morgenstern et al, 2007). Diminished lung function (Sekine et al, 2004;Hong et al, 2005;Kan et al, 2007;McCreanor et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On exposure and response relationships for health effects associated with exposure to vehicular traffic

Lipfert

Wyzga

2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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This work examines various metrics and models that have been used to estimate long-term health effects of exposure to vehicular traffic. Such health impacts may include effects of air pollution due to emissions of combustion products and from vehicle or roadway wear, of noise, stress, or from socioeconomic effects associated with preferred residential locations. Both categorical and continuous exposure metrics are considered, typically for distances between residences and roadways, or for traffic density or intensity. It appears that continuous measures of exposure tend to yield lower risk estimates that are also more precise than categorical measures based on arbitrary criteria. The selection of appropriate exposure increments to characterize relative risks is also important in comparing pollutants and other agents. Confounding and surrogate variables are also important issues, since studies of traffic proximity or density cannot identify the specific agents related to traffic exposures that might be responsible for the various health endpoints that have been implicated. Studies based on ambient air quality measurements are necessarily restricted to species for which data are available, some of which may be serving as markers for the actual agents of harm. Studies based on modeled air quality are limited by the accuracy of mobile source emission inventories, which may not include poorly maintained (high emitting) vehicles. Additional exposure modeling errors may result from precision limitations of geocoding methods. Studies of the health effects of traffic are progressing from establishing the existence of relationships to describing them in more detail, but effective remedies or control strategies have generally not yet been proposed in the context of these epidemiological studies. Resolution of these dose-response uncertainties is important for the development of effective public health strategies for the future.

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“…The USA is the biggest emitter of greenhouse gases worldwide. US emissions increased to 7 billion tons of CO 2 in 2004, 16% higher than emissions in the late 90's [20]. The UK did better reducing their emissions to about 0.6 billion tons, 14% below 1990 levels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

The Volume of Vehicular Greenhouse gas Emissions along a Dual Carriage Road in North-Central Nigeria: A Survey Study

2018

International Journal of Research in Geography

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Long-term air pollution exposure and living close to busy roads are associated with COPD in women

Cited by 334 publications

References 27 publications

Population-Based Study on the Prevalence of Spirometric Obstructive Pattern in Porto, Portugal

Population-Based Study on the Prevalence of Spirometric Obstructive Pattern in Porto, Portugal

On exposure and response relationships for health effects associated with exposure to vehicular traffic

The Volume of Vehicular Greenhouse gas Emissions along a Dual Carriage Road in North-Central Nigeria: A Survey Study

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