Long-range transport of sulfur dioxide emissions from external sources to Tehran

Khuzestani, Reza Bashiri; Taheri, Ahmad; Yeganeh, Bijan

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2023.101445

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…This observation suggests that although these air pollutants primarily originate from anthropogenic activities, their sources are not identical or even diverse. Undoubtedly, the contribution of automobile exhaust to NO 2 and PM 2.5 is universally acknowledged, while SO 2 predominantly emanates from stationary sources such as factories and power plants [30]. Furthermore, intricate chemical relationships exist among air pollutants, which further complicates regional air pollution research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Air Pollutants during the Two COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Winter 2019 and Spring 2022 in Shanghai, China

Li,

Yang,

Zhang

2024

Atmosphere

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During the winter of 2019, the global outbreak of COVID-19 prompted extensive research on urban air pollution under lockdown measures. However, these studies predominantly focused on winter conditions, thereby limiting investigations into changes in urban air pollutants during other seasons that were also subject to lockdown restrictions. Shanghai, China, has undergone two COVID-19 lockdown periods in two seasons: winter 2019 and spring 2022. The seasonal variations and human activities were represented by meteorological factors and nighttime light brightness in this paper, respectively. The reduction in human-related emissions during the two lockdown periods was estimated based on the targets outlined in China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. The results showed significant reductions in NO2 and PM particles during the two lockdown periods, both accompanied by a notable increase in O3 concentration. In comparison to the winter lockdown, there was an approximate 40% decrease in the NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations in the spring, while the O3 concentration exhibited an increase of 48.81%. Furthermore, due to shifting wind patterns during the two lockdowns from winter to spring, the high-pollution core areas shifted 20–25 km southeastward in the spring. The PM particles and NO2 concentrations exhibited a considerable impact from human activities, whereas the O3 concentration was affected mostly by seasonal change and interactions among air pollutants. Compared to the corresponding non-lockdown condition, the concentration of CO decreased during the winter lockdown; however, it increased during the spring lockdown. The different change in CO concentration during the two lockdown periods was found to have a lower effect on the O3 concentration than that caused by changes in meteorological factors and nitrogen oxide (NO, NO2) concentrations. In summary, the impact of COVID-19 lockdown periods on urban air pollutants was more pronounced in spring compared to winter, and the interactions among air pollutants also underwent alterations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Air Pollutants during the Two COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Winter 2019 and Spring 2022 in Shanghai, China

Li,

Yang,

Zhang

2024

Atmosphere

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“…If all three of these adjustments occur together, the concentration of this pollutant will be reduced by around 5.9%, mitigating many of the di culties created by the increase in SO 2 concentration. Source apportionment analysis in Tehran revealed that sulfate might make up to 40% of total PM 2.5 contributions made in the city, therefore SO 2 is still a concern for Tehran's air quality (Khuzestani et al, 2023).…”

Section: Spatial Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The energy production sector, which represents the usage of fossil fuels, is the main source of SO x in the ambient air of Tehran(Hadei et al, 2017). The sulfur content of diesel fuel used by mobile and roadway sources has been reduced by more than 98% since the end of 2016, (Sulfur content reduced from 4000 ppm to almost 75 ppm) resulting in considerable reductions in SO 2 production and emissions from mobile sources(Khuzestani et al, 2023). Government choices can in uence fuel consumption and urban green space by raising public awareness and people's intentions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Concentrations, Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and SO 2 in Tehran Metropolis, Iran

Ahmadian,

Rajabi,

Azhdarpoor

2023

Preprint

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This study assessed seasonal and annual variations as well as the health risks associated with exposure to PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 in the ambient air of Tehran from 2019 to 2021. The findings revealed that the average annual concentration of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 varied from 28.24 to 32.34 µg/m3, 69.57 to 82.22 µg/m3, and 14.94 to 17.98 µg/m3, respectively. The amounts of PM2.5 and SO2 were the greatest in the west and southwest, while PM10 was the most abundant in the east and northeast which were above WHO guidelines. In exposure duration scenarios of 8 and 12 hours, the mean hazard quotient (HQ) for PM2.5 and PM10 was >1, suggesting an unacceptable risk to human health. There was no risk to human health according to the mean HQ for SO2 at all exposure periods of 3, 8, and 12 hours. Further evidence that exposure time plays a significant part in health hazards was provided by the fact that the mean HQ values of exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 in exposure times of 3 hours were both <1. The Sobol sensitivity analysis revealed that the PM2.5 concentration in HQ was the most sensitive indicator of the populace.

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The possible emission sources and atmospheric photochemical processes of air pollutants in Tehran, Iran: the role of micrometeorological factors on the air quality

Ali-Taleshi,

Riyahi Bakhtiari,

Masiol

2024

Air Qual Atmos Health

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Long-range transport of sulfur dioxide emissions from external sources to Tehran

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Comparison of Air Pollutants during the Two COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Winter 2019 and Spring 2022 in Shanghai, China

Comparison of Air Pollutants during the Two COVID-19 Lockdown Periods in Winter 2019 and Spring 2022 in Shanghai, China

Atmospheric Concentrations, Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5 , PM 10 , and SO 2 in Tehran Metropolis, Iran

The possible emission sources and atmospheric photochemical processes of air pollutants in Tehran, Iran: the role of micrometeorological factors on the air quality

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