Long Noncoding RNAs in Metabolic Syndrome Related Disorders

Abstract

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are very complex and their all functions have yet to be fully clarified. Noncoding genes (noncoding RNA, sequences, and pseudogenes) comprise 67% of all genes and they are represented by housekeeping noncoding RNAs (transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), small nuclear RNA (snRNA), and small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)) that are engaged in basic cellular processes and by regulatory noncoding RNA (short and long noncoding RNA (ncRNA)) that are important for gene expression/transcript stability. In this review, we summarize data concerning the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in metabolic syndrome related disorders, focusing on adipose tissue and pancreatic islands.

Long noncoding RNAs in the metabolic control of inflammation and immune disorders

“…6 The regulation of lipid metabolism in adipose tissue is necessary to maintain the balance between energy accumulation (white adipose tissue) and energy expenditure (brown adipose tissue). 24 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also highly associated with lipid metabolism and obesity. 24 There are several reports focusing on lncRNA-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism, attempting to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases.…”

“…24 Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also highly associated with lipid metabolism and obesity. 24 There are several reports focusing on lncRNA-mediated regulation of lipid metabolism, attempting to understand the pathogenesis of these diseases.…”

“…Adiponectin (AdipoQ), the hormone expressed in adipocytes, positively regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. 24,25 A recent study revealed that AdipoQ antisense lncRNA (AdipoQ AS), expressed in adipocytes and base paired with the AdipoQ mRNA, attenuates the AdipoQ translation, resulting in the negative regulation of adipogenesis. Therefore, a dysfunction in AdipoQ AS lncRNA increases the obesity threat.…”

Long non‐coding RNA‐CTD‐2108O9.1 represses breast cancer metastasis by influencing leukemia inhibitory factor receptor

“…Despite their variable origins, lncRNAs are ubiquitous and non‐nonsense sequences in the genome . LncRNAs have been found to play roles in cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolism‐related disorders, bacterium infection, and diverse tumors . The aberrant expression of lncRNAs in various cancers has attracted attention, and the biological functions of lncRNAs are increasingly being shown.…”

A systematic review of studies of DNA methylation in the context of a weight loss intervention

“…DNAm is typically associated with gene silencing when this occurs at gene promoters and enhancers, and with active gene expression when established within gene bodies [11]. Regulatory noncoding RNAs represent a broad group of long (>200 bp) and short (<200 bp) RNA molecules that regulate gene expression pre-and post-transcriptionally, as reviewed elsewhere [12]. Mechanistic studies in animal and plant model systems show that epigenetic modifications are modulated by environmental factors such as dietary components, chemical pollutants and temperature changes, as reviewed elsewhere [13].…”