Long noncoding RNAs are potentially involved in the degeneration of virulence in an aphid-obligate pathogen, <i>Conidiobolus obscurus</i> (Entomophthoromycotina)

Ye, Guofang; Zhang, Lvhao; Zhou, Xiang

doi:10.1080/21505594.2021.1938806

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Given that the expression of lncRNAs is the tissue, developmental, and stress stages, the identified lncRNAs were speculated to be only a fraction of the total lncRNAs in A. c. cerana . Additionally, the identified A. c. cerana lncRNAs were detected to have shorter lengths of exons and introns, analogous to the characteristics of lncRNAs discovered in other species [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation

Wang

Fan

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal regulators in gene expression and diverse biological processes, such as immune defense and host–pathogen interactions. However, little is known about the roles of lncRNAs in the response of the Asian honey bee (Apis cerana) to microsporidian infestation. Based on our previously obtained high-quality transcriptome datasets from the midgut tissues of Apis cerana cerana workers at 7 days post inoculation (dpi) and 10 dpi with Nosema ceranae (AcT7 and AcT10 groups) and the corresponding un-inoculated midgut tissues (AcCK7 and AcCK10 groups), the transcriptome-wide identification and structural characterization of lncRNAs were conducted, and the differential expression pattern of lncRNAs was then analyzed, followed by investigation of the regulatory roles of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) in host response. Here, 2365, 2322, 2487, and 1986 lncRNAs were, respectively, identified in the AcCK7, AcT7, AcCK7, and AcT10 groups. After removing redundant ones, a total of 3496 A. c. cerana lncRNAs were identified, which shared similar structural characteristics with those discovered in other animals and plants, such as shorter exons and introns than mRNAs. Additionally, 79 and 73 DElncRNAs were screened from the workers’ midguts at 7 dpi and 10 dpi, respectively, indicating the alteration of the overall expression pattern of lncRNAs in host midguts after N. ceranae infestation. These DElncRNAs could, respectively, regulate 87 and 73 upstream and downstream genes, involving a suite of functional terms and pathways, such as metabolic process and Hippo signaling pathway. Additionally, 235 and 209 genes co-expressed with DElncRNAs were found to enrich in 29 and 27 terms, as well as 112 and 123 pathways, such as ABC transporters and the cAMP signaling pathway. Further, it was detected that 79 (73) DElncRNAs in the host midguts at 7 (10) dpi could target 321 (313) DEmiRNAs and further target 3631 (3130) DEmRNAs. TCONS_00024312 and XR_001765805.1 were potential precursors for ame-miR-315 and ame-miR-927, while TCONS_00006120 was the putative precursor for both ame-miR-87-1 and ame-miR-87-2. These results together suggested that DElncRNAs are likely to play regulatory roles in the host response to N. ceranae infestation through the regulation of neighboring genes via a cis-acting effect, modulation of co-expressed mRNAs via trans-acting effect, and control of downstream target genes’ expression via competing endogenous RNA networks. Our findings provide a basis for disclosing the mechanism underlying DElncRNA-mediated host N. ceranae response and a new perspective into the interaction between A. c. cerana and N. ceranae.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation

Wang

Fan

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Actual demonstrations of epigenetic mechanisms on nucleic acid levels involved in fungal degeneration are relatively rare. The degeneration of virulence in Conidiobolus obscurus was found to be potentially related to long nc (lnc) RNAs (Ye et al 2021). The lnc RNAs identified in the study by Ye and co-workers target genes coding for heat shock proteins, secretory proteins, autophagy proteins, transporters, and other proteins related to stress response, potentially reducing virulence (Ye et al 2021).…”

Section: Epigenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degeneration of virulence in Conidiobolus obscurus was found to be potentially related to long nc (lnc) RNAs (Ye et al 2021). The lnc RNAs identified in the study by Ye and co-workers target genes coding for heat shock proteins, secretory proteins, autophagy proteins, transporters, and other proteins related to stress response, potentially reducing virulence (Ye et al 2021). Also, the degeneration of cellulase productivity in T. reesei was hypothesized to be rather caused by an epigenetic mechanism.…”

Section: Epigenetic Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi

Danner

Mach

Mach-Aigner

2023

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Fungi are widely exploited for large-scale production in the biotechnological industry to produce a diverse range of substances due to their versatility and relative ease of growing on various substrates. The occurrence of a phenomenon—the so-called fungal strain degeneration—leads to the spontaneous loss or decline of production capacity and results in an economic loss on a tremendous scale. Some of the most commonly applied genera of fungi in the biotechnical industry, such as Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Penicillium, are threatened by this phenomenon. Although fungal degeneration has been known for almost a century, the phenomenon and its underlying mechanisms still need to be understood. The proposed mechanisms causing fungi to degenerate can be of genetic or epigenetic origin. Other factors, such as culture conditions, stress, or aging, were also reported to have an influence. This mini-review addresses the topic of fungal degeneration by describing examples of productivity losses in biotechnical processes using Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Trichoderma reesei, and Penicillium chrysogenum. Further, potential reasons, circumvention, and prevention methods are discussed. This is the first mini-review which provides a comprehensive overview on this phenomenon in biotechnologically used fungi, and it also includes a collection of strategies that can be useful to minimize economic losses which can arise from strain degeneration. Key points • Spontaneous loss of productivity is evident in many fungi used in biotechnology. • The properties and mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are very versatile. • Only studying these underlying mechanisms enables the design of a tailored solution.

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“…Conidiation is a complex biological process, including cellular component biosynthesis, nutrient allocation, and storage, and is regulated by environmental factors such as light and nutrient limitation [2]. Variation in gene expression is the basis for morphological and physiological heterogeneity among mycelia and conidia [16,17]. Profiling gene expression patterns during the conidiation period favors understanding of the infection mechanism and the specific roles of conidia of entomopathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-Wide Study of Conidiation-Related Genes in the Aphid-Obligate Fungal Pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina)

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

JoF

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Fungi in the Entomophthorales order can cause insect disease and epizootics in nature, contributing to biological pest control in agriculture and forestry. Most Entomophthorales have narrow host ranges, limited to the arthropod family level; however, rare genomic information about host-specific fungi has been reported. Conidiation is crucial for entomopathogenic fungi to explore insect resources owing to the important roles of conidia in the infection cycle, such as dispersal, adhesion, germination, and penetration into the host hemocoel. In this study, we analyzed the whole genome sequence of the aphid-obligate pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus strain ARSEF 7217 (Entomophthoromycotina), using Nanopore technology from Biomarker Technologies (Beijing, China). The genome size was 37.6 Mb, and encoded 10,262 predicted genes, wherein 21.3% genes were putatively associated to the pathogen–host interaction. In particular, the serine protease repertoire in C. obscurus exhibited expansions in the trypsin and subtilisin classes, which play vital roles in the fungus’ pathogenicity. Differentially expressed transcriptomic patterns were analyzed in three conidiation stages (pre-conidiation, emerging conidiation, and post-conidiation), and 2915 differentially expressed genes were found to be associated with the conidiation process. Furthermore, a weighted gene co-expression network analysis showed that 772 hub genes in conidiation are mainly involved in insect cuticular component degradation, cell wall/membrane biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, and transcription regulation. Our findings of the genomic and transcriptomic features of C. obscurus help reveal the molecular mechanism of the Entomophthorales pathogenicity, which will contribute to improving fungal applications in pest control.

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Long noncoding RNAs are potentially involved in the degeneration of virulence in an aphid-obligate pathogen, Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina)

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation

Systematic Characterization and Regulatory Role of lncRNAs in Asian Honey Bees Responding to Microsporidian Infestation

The phenomenon of strain degeneration in biotechnologically relevant fungi

Genome-Wide Study of Conidiation-Related Genes in the Aphid-Obligate Fungal Pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina)

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