Long non-coding RNAs: emerging players in gastric cancer

Abstract

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a major public health issue as the second leading cause of cancer-related death and the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Although much progress has been achieved in recent years, the early diagnosis and treatment for GC are not yet satisfactory; thus, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, identification of novel molecules for early diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is urgently needed. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs that participate in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis, mainly by regulation of gene expression at various levels, including chromatin, splicing, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Some lncRNAs are upregulated in cancer and possess oncogenic properties, while others exhibit aberrant low expression and act as tumor suppressors. In this review, we overview the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in GC and evaluate their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic values.

Downregulated long non‑coding RNA TCONS_00068220 upregulates apoptosis in gastric cancer cells

“…NCI-N87 cells (1x10 5 ) were harvested with Trypsin and washed with ice-cold PBS 3 days subsequent totransfection. Apoptotic cell death was determined using a fluorescein isothiocyanate-Annexin V Apoptosis Detection kit I (BD Pharmingen; BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NY, USA) according to the manufacturer's protocol.…”

“…NCI-N87 cells were seeded at a density of 3x10 5 cells per well in a 6-well plate and transfected with si-NC or si-TCONS_00068220. The cells were collected at 3 days after transfection and resuspended in RIPA Lysis Buffer III (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China).…”

“…In the majority of patients, GC is diagnosed at an advanced stage at which malignant proliferation, extensive invasion, and lymphatic metastasis have already occurred (3). Despite the progress in chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical techniques for GC in recent decades, the outcomes forpatients with GC remain poor, and 5-year overall survival rates are <25% (4,5). Therefore, an improved understanding of the pathogenesis and identification of the molecular alterations is essential for the development of diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to allow the sensitive diagnosis and effective therapy of GC (3,6).…”

Long non-coding RNA MSTO2P promotes the proliferation and colony formation in gastric cancer by indirectly regulating miR-335 expression

“…[5][6][7] Some ncRNA alterations present in gastric cancer have been characterized. 8,9 However, many important questions, including the mechanisms underlying gastric cancer metastasis, remain unanswered.…”

TM4SF5-CTD-2354A18.1-miR-4697-3P may play a key role in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer

“…More and more evidence has proved lncRNAs and mRNAs, which may be the most important factors, to result in gastric cancer (10,27,28). Therefore, we evaluated the lncRNAs and mRNAs expression profiles in gastric cancer tissue and corresponding non-tumorous tissues in patients, which was to reveal the potential role of lncRNAs and mRNAs in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer.…”