Long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs as crucial regulators in cardio-oncology

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Significant improvements in the modern era of anticancer therapeutic strategies have increased the survival rate of cancer patients. Unfortunately, cancer survivors have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which is believed to result from anticancer therapies. The emergence of cardiovascular diseases among cancer survivors has served as the basis for establishing a novel field termed cardio-oncology. Cardio-oncology primarily focuses on investigating the underlying molecular mechanisms by which anticancer treatments lead to cardiovascular dysfunction and the development of novel cardioprotective strategies to counteract cardiotoxic effects of cancer therapies. Advances in genome biology have revealed that most of the genome is transcribed into non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which are recognized as being instrumental in cancer, cardiovascular health, and disease. Emerging studies have demonstrated that alterations of these ncRNAs have pathophysiological roles in multiple diseases in humans. As it relates to cardio-oncology, though, there is limited knowledge of the role of ncRNAs. In the present review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge regarding the roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in cancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicities. Moreover, we also discuss prospective therapeutic strategies and the translational relevance of these ncRNAs.

lncRNA AGAP2-AS1 Facilitates Tumorigenesis and Ferroptosis Resistance through SLC7A11 by IGF2BP2 Pathway in Melanoma

“…Third, by guiding the relevant RNA-binding proteins, lncRNAs are able to mediate the target genes via cis- or trans-regulation to specific protein complex sites [ 33 , 34 ]. Fourth, scaffolds, lncRNAs can be used as a platform; on this platform, a variety of related molecular complexes can be combined together to enhance the information transmission and interaction between molecular complexes [ 35 , 36 ]. Studies have found that the growth and development of the body, the occurrence and development of tumors, cell proliferation, and apoptosis are all related to the abnormal expression of lncRNAs, especially in tumorigenesis [ 37 ].…”

MicroRNA-28-5p as a potential diagnostic biomarker for chronic periodontitis and its role in cell proliferation and inflammatory response

“…Emerging evidence indicates the regulatory role of miRNAs in multiple diseases, 16 however, crucial miRNAs that are known to be involved in the progression of diseases comprise only the tip of the iceberg. The present study investigated the expression pattern of miR-28-5p in CP and its potential mechanism.…”

MiRNAs and circRNAs for the Diagnosis of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer Patients: A Narrative Review

“…Studies on cardiac mesenchymal stem cells (cSMC) stimulated with the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) prior to DOX administration resulted in the formation of MIF-containing exosomes (Exo-MIF) in which lncRNA–NEAT1, suggested to exert a significant role in the cardioprotective process, accumulated [ 51 ]. The results demonstrated that Exo-MIF relieved Dox-induced cardiomyocyte senescence, and these cardioprotective properties were explained by lncRNA NEAT1 presence that regulates these pathways sponging miR-221-3p and had been already found to have protective roles against cell death, apoptosis, and cell senescence [ 57 ]. In particular, miR-221-3p upregulation, through the regulation of SIRT2, could lead the cells in the G0/G1 phase, increase the expression of p27 and p16, while, on the other side, inhibiting telomerase activity, leading the cell to senescence.…”