Long non-coding RNA signature in colorectal cancer: research progression and clinical application

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is one of the top-ranked human malignancies. The development and progression of colorectal cancer are associated with aberrant expression of multiple coding and non-coding genes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have an important role in regulating gene stability as well as gene expression. Numerous current studies have shown that lncRNAs are promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In this review, we have searched the available literature to list lncRNAs involved in the pathogenesis and regulation of colorectal cancer. We focus on the role of lncRNAs in cancer promotion or suppression, their value in tumor diagnosis, and their role in treatment response and prognosis prediction. In addition, we will discuss the signaling pathways that these lncRNAs are mainly associated with in colorectal cancer. We also summarize the role of lncRNAs in colorectal precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer consensus molecular subgroups. We hope this review article will bring you the latest research progress and outlook on lncRNAs in colorectal cancer.

Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration

“…Numerous studies have spotlighted differentially expressed lncRNAs in CRC tissues in comparison with normal tissues. Furthermore, these expression levels have been associated with the clinicopathological features of the disease [ 147 , 148 ]. Among these, the most extensively researched oncogenic lncRNAs in CRC include HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), colorectal cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), and MIR31HG [ 148 ].…”

“…Furthermore, these expression levels have been associated with the clinicopathological features of the disease [ 147 , 148 ]. Among these, the most extensively researched oncogenic lncRNAs in CRC include HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), colorectal cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT1), and MIR31HG [ 148 ]. HOTAIR is a 2158-bp gene situated at the mammalian HOXC locus on chromosome 12q13.13, and is transcribed opposite to the HOXC gene.…”

Biological roles of SLC16A1-AS1 lncRNA and its clinical impacts in tumors

“…However, the rapid advancement of high-throughput sequencing technologies, such as RNA-Seq and single-cell sequencing techniques, along with progress in bioinformatics in recent years, have led to the identification of an increasing number of lncRNAs [ 9 – 14 ]. Many of these lncRNAs are now known to play vital roles in various physiological processes [ 15 – 19 ]. For example, HOTAIR, one of the earliest reported lncRNAs [ 20 , 21 ], has been recognized as a significant oncogenic driver [ 22 – 25 ], contributing to tumor cellular signaling transduction [ 26 – 28 ], cancer metabolism reprogramming [ 29 – 32 ], and tumor metastasis [ 33 – 36 ].…”

Long Noncoding RNA RP11-278A23.1, a Potential Modulator of p53 Tumor Suppression, Contributes to Colorectal Cancer Progression

“…Colorectal cancer has high incidence and mortality rates worldwide [ 6 ]. Several studies reported that certain lncRNAs contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer, such as HOTAIR, MALAT-1, and CCAT1/CCAT2 [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. HOTAIR expression is increased in colorectal cancers and is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ].…”