Long non-coding RNA: Classification, biogenesis and functions in blood cells

Dahariya, Swati; Paddibhatla, Indira; Kumar, Santosh; Raghuwanshi, Sanjeev; Pallepati, Adithya; Gutti, Ravi Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.04.011

Cited by 324 publications

(248 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Long ncRNAs have diversity of regulatory functions, which can modulate chromatin remodelling, transcriptional regulation and post‐transcriptional processing, translation 74,75 . Although multiple functions of lncRNAs have been observed, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) or miRNA sponge is the most focused function.…”

Section: Long Non‐coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic characterization of non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancer

et al. 2020

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Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the most aggressive subtypes of breast cancer with negativity for oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2). Non‐coding RNAs (ncRNAs) make up most of the transcriptome and are widely present in eukaryotic cells. In recent years, emerging evidence suggests that ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play prominent roles in the tumorigenesis and development of TNBC, but the functions of most ncRNAs have not been fully described. In this review, we systematically elucidate the general characteristics and biogenesis of miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, discuss the emerging functions of these ncRNAs in TNBC and present future perspectives in clinical practice.

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Section: Long Non‐coding Rnasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic characterization of non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancer

et al. 2020

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“…Currently 172,216 human and 131,697 mouse transcripts are annotated in the systematic database NONCODEv5 [165], whereas the curated knowledgebase LncBook documents 270,044 human lncRNAs [166]. Depending on their genomic location, lncRNA sequences can be intronic, natural antisense transcripts (NATs), sense, extragenic, enhancer, promoter and bidirectional, and can have a linear or circular structure (circRNAs [167,168]). lncRNA expression patterns highly depend on cell and tissue type as well as on developmental or disease states [169].…”

Section: Synthesis and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain

2020

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Neuro-immune alterations in the peripheral and central nervous system play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic pain in general, and members of the non-coding RNA (ncRNA) family, specifically the short, 22 nucleotide microRNAs (miRNAs) and the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as master switches orchestrating both immune as well as neuronal processes. Several chronic disorders reveal unique ncRNA expression signatures, which recently generated big hopes for new perspectives for the development of diagnostic applications. lncRNAs may offer perspectives as candidates indicative of neuropathic pain in liquid biopsies. Numerous studies have provided novel mechanistic insight into the role of miRNAs in the molecular sequelae involved in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain along the entire pain pathway. Specific processes within neurons, immune cells, and glia as the cellular components of the neuropathic pain triad and the communication paths between them are controlled by specific miRNAs. Therefore, nucleotide sequences mimicking or antagonizing miRNA actions can provide novel therapeutic strategies for pain treatment, provided their human homologues serve the same or similar functions. Increasing evidence also sheds light on the function of lncRNAs, which converge so far mainly on purinergic signalling pathways both in neurons and glia, and possibly even other ncRNA species that have not been explored so far.

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“…Although the ncRNAs do not encode for proteins, they frequently harbor a poly-A tail in their sequence and they can also be spliced. The ncRNAs are grouped, according to their size, into two classes: (1) small ncRNAs, harboring less than 200 nt, comprising microRNAs (miRNAs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) [75][76][77] and (2) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are more than 200 nt in length and are classified, according to their biogenesis, into intronic, enhancer, promoter, antisense, sense, intergenic and bidirectional lncRNAs [77,78]. The most recently identified type of non-coding RNA is circular RNA (circRNA), which consists of a covalently closed RNA loop that lacks a polyadenylation tail at the 3' end and a cap structure at the 5' end.…”

Section: Non-coding Rna (Ncrna)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators of Glutaminolysis in Cancer

Ortiz-Pedraza

Muñoz-Bello

Olmedo-Nieva

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cancer cells exhibit exacerbated metabolic activity to maintain their accelerated proliferation and microenvironmental adaptation in order to survive under nutrient-deficient conditions. Tumors display an increase in glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid biosynthesis, which provide their energy source. Glutamine is critical for fundamental cellular processes, where intermediate metabolites produced through glutaminolysis are necessary for the maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism. These include antioxidants to remove reactive oxygen species, and the generation of the nonessential amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and fatty acids required for cellular replication and the activation of cell signaling. Some cancer cells are highly dependent on glutamine consumption since its catabolism provides an anaplerotic pathway to feed the Krebs cycle. Intermediate members of the glutaminolysis pathway have been found to be deregulated in several types of cancers and have been proposed as therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers. This review summarizes the main players in the glutaminolysis pathway, how they have been found to be deregulated in cancer and their implications for cancer maintenance. Furthermore, non-coding RNAs are now recognized as new participants in the regulation of glutaminolysis; therefore, their involvement in glutamine metabolism in cancer is discussed in detail.Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 2872 2 of 26 an increased glucose consumption in relation to normal differentiated tissues. Now we know that glutamine metabolism is as important as glucose metabolism for the production of macromolecules in cancer [1].Glutamine is an abundant amino acid involved in energy production, homeostasis in pro/antioxidant species and the activation of signaling pathways in cancer. In addition to the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), nucleotides, lipids and amino acids are formed from glutamine metabolism. All of these are needed for many metabolic functions such as growth, proliferation, cell survival and defense against oxidative stress [2]. Glutamine contributes, with reduced nitrogen, to the de novo biosynthesis of diverse nitrogen-containing compounds, such as purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, glucosamine-6-phosphate and nonessential amino acids.As glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in the blood and muscle tissue, normal proliferating cells use glutamine metabolism as an energy source, mediated by its catabolic products, glutamate and α-ketoglutarate (α-kG), the latter being an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or Krebs cycle [3]. In 1950, Harry Eagle observed that HeLa tumor cells require an excess of glutamine, in relation to other amino acids in the culture medium, for optimal growth. Furthermore, it has been reported that tumors consume glutamine faster than the surrounding normal tissue [4]. Moreover, most cancer cells are dependent on glutamine being unable to survive under glutamine starvation, an effect that has been termed glutamine addiction [5]. Various types of cancers are high...

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Long non-coding RNA: Classification, biogenesis and functions in blood cells

Cited by 324 publications

References 154 publications

Systematic characterization of non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancer

Systematic characterization of non‐coding RNAs in triple‐negative breast cancer

Non-coding RNAs in neuropathic pain

Non-Coding RNAs as Key Regulators of Glutaminolysis in Cancer

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