Long‐Lived Tsunami Edge Waves and Shelf Resonance From the M8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake

Melgar, Diego; Ruiz‐Angulo, Angel

doi:10.1029/2018gl080823

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Notable recent catastrophic tsunamis generated by the 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman (e.g., Lay et al., 2005), 2010 Maule, Chile (e.g., Yoshimoto et al., 2016), and 2011 Tohoku, Japan (e.g., Yamazaki et al., 2018) earthquakes have caused vast damage over the last two decades. The first tsunami surge is often not the most devastating, due to both wave dispersion and generation of shelf resonance and edge waves (e.g., Geist, 2012) that can result in repeated surges with peak tsunami run‐up occurring hours after the causative earthquake both in the near field (Melgar & Ruiz‐Angulo, 2018; Yamazaki & Cheung, 2011) and far field (Cheung et al., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Sea Level Variation From GNSS: 2020 Shumagin Earthquake Tsunami Resonance and Hurricane Laura

Larson

Lay

Yamazaki

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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Rapid determination of sea level variations caused by tsunamis or major storm surges is important for coastal hazard mitigation. Coastal Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) stations at elevations less than ∼300 m can record time‐varying sea level changes by tracking signals that reflect from the sea surface, relative to direct signals from the satellites. We demonstrate that such GNSS stations can rapidly provide local sea level measurements for a near‐field tsunami, involving many hours of shelf resonance generated by the 2020 Shumagin earthquake as well as for the storm surge accompanying passage of the eye of Hurricane Laura over the Louisiana Coast. Coastal GNSS stations deployed to measure tectonic deformation and co‐seismic displacements can inexpensively augment the spatial sampling provided by tide gauges for measuring tsunami‐induced coastal resonance and storm surges. This information can guide response activities during the crucial initial hours of an event.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Sea Level Variation From GNSS: 2020 Shumagin Earthquake Tsunami Resonance and Hurricane Laura

Larson

Lay

Yamazaki

et al. 2021

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…All studies were based on the initial (2-6 h) part of the recorded tsunami waves and did not go into details of their frequency content. The only exception is the work by Melgar and Ruiz-Angulo (2018), who used relatively long tsunami records (of several days) at four Mexican coastal tide gauges to estimate the energy decay and frequency evolution of the 2017 tsunami waves associated with shelf resonance and wave trapping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of the Chiapas Tsunami of 8 September 2017 on the Coast of Mexico. Part 1: Observations, Statistics, and Energy Partitioning

Zaytsev

Rabinovich

Thomson

2021

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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The major (M w 8.2) intraplate normal-fault earthquake of 8 September 2017 in the Gulf of Tehuantepec (Chiapas, Mexico) generated a strong tsunami that severely impacted the nearby coasts of Mexico and Central America. Tsunami waves in the near-field area were measured by seventeen high-resolution coastal tide gauges and by three open-ocean DART stations anchored offshore from the affected region. Data from these sites, together with those from four distant DARTs, were used for comprehensive analyses of the 2017 event. De-tided sea level time series were examined to determine the statistical and spectral characteristics of the 2017 tsunami waves along the Mexican and Central American coastline. The characteristics of the recorded waves from this near-field event were compared with those from two great far-field events: the 2010 Chile and the 2011 Tohoku tsunamis. Maximum trough-to-crest wave heights for the 2017 tsunami were recorded at Puerto Chiapas (351 cm), Salina Cruz (209 cm), Acapulco (160 cm), Huatulco (137 cm) and Acajutla, El Salvador (118 cm). While maximum 2010 and 2011 tsunami waves were observed at specific ''hot spots'' (sites with a high Q-factor and pronounced resonant properties, such as Manzanillo and Acapulco), the ''strengths'' of the recorded 2017 tsunami waves were mostly determined by distance from the source. Contrary to the maximum wave heights, the general spectral properties of the tsunami signals for all three events were highly similar at a given coastal site and mainly resemble the spectral structure of background oscillations at the same site. This similarity indicates that the frequency properties of the tsunami waveforms for a steadystate tsunami signal are mainly determined by local topographic features rather than by the source parameters. Estimates of the ''colour'' of an event (i.e., the open-ocean tsunami frequency content) show that the 2017 Chiapas tsunami was mostly ''reddish'' (long-period), with 68% (DART 43413) to 87% (DART 43412) of the total tsunami energy related to waves with periods [ 35 min. In contrast, the 2010 and 2011 tsunamis were ''reddish-blue'', with 48-57% associated with long-period waves ([ 35 min) and 52-43% with short-period waves (2-35 min). The dominant periods of the tsunami waves were mostly linked to the shape, length, and width of the source region: the larger the source and the shallower its depth, the longer the periods of the generated tsunami waves. The complicated structure of the source explains the saturated and wide frequency-band character of the tsunami spectra. Our analysis also reveals an anisotropic nature to the 2017 tsunami waves; waves that propagated northeastward along the mainland coast of North America and southeastward along the Central American coast were significantly different from those that propagated southwestward, normal to the source orientation. This aspect of the wave field appears to be related to two distinct types of waves; ''trapped (edge) waves'' retained on the shelf (which plays the role of a ''wave guide''...

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“…Then, to isolate the impact of the spatial rupture process, we have designed a simplified topo-bathymetric digital elevation model (DEM), which includes only the first order features. In this way, we avoid unwanted coastal wave processes (which cannot be attributed to the earthquake source process) such as edge waves [5][6][7] , wave focusing on bays and submarine canyons [8][9][10] , resonance on the continental shelf [11][12][13] , among other effects. Other parameters such as geometry and size relative to the earthquake magnitude of the faulting area are of great importance 14 , which show an increase of peak near shore tsunami amplitude, which is primarily due to the peak slip areas within the fault.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of earthquake spatial slip correlation on variability of tsunami potential energy and intensities

Crempien

Urrutia

Benavente

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Variability characterization of tsunami generation is quintessential for proper hazard estimation. For this purpose we isolate the variability which stems solely from earthquake spatial source complexity, by simulating tsunami inundation in the near-field with a simplified digital elevation model, using nonlinear shallow water equations. For earthquake rupture, we prescribe slip to have a log-normal probability distribution function and von Kármán correlation between each subfault pair, which we assume decreases with increasing euclidean distance between them. From the generated near-field inundation time-series, emanating from several thousand synthetic slip realizations across a magnitude 9 earthquake, we extract several tsunami intensity measures at the coast. Results show that all considered tsunami intensity measures and potential energy variability increase with increasing spatial slip correlations. Finally, we show that larger spatial slip correlations produce higher tsunami intensity measure exceedance probabilities within the near-field, which highlights the need to quantify the uncertainty of earthquake spatial slip correlation.

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Long‐Lived Tsunami Edge Waves and Shelf Resonance From the M8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Dynamic Sea Level Variation From GNSS: 2020 Shumagin Earthquake Tsunami Resonance and Hurricane Laura

Dynamic Sea Level Variation From GNSS: 2020 Shumagin Earthquake Tsunami Resonance and Hurricane Laura

The Impact of the Chiapas Tsunami of 8 September 2017 on the Coast of Mexico. Part 1: Observations, Statistics, and Energy Partitioning

Effects of earthquake spatial slip correlation on variability of tsunami potential energy and intensities

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