Long lifetimes and effective isolation of ions in optical and electrostatic traps

Lambrecht, A.; Schmidt, Jochen; Weckesser, Pascal; Debatin, Markus; Karpa, Leon; Schaetz, Tobias

doi:10.1038/s41566-017-0030-2

Cited by 48 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…The experimental measurement suggests that the heating due to residual EMM adds up to the heating due to the polarization potential. In order to considerably decrease this heating effect, apart from working with light atoms and heavy ion, a trapping method without oscillating field for the ion is required, for example, optical trapping of the ion [34]. After the interaction with the atoms, the temperature distribution is extracted from electron shelving on the quadruple transition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ion-trap parameters on energy distributions of ultra-cold atom–ion mixtures

et al. 2020

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Experiments in which ultra-cold neutral atoms and charged ions are overlapped, constitute a new field in atomic and molecular physics, with applications ranging from studying out-of-equilibrium dynamics to simulating quantum many-body systems. The holy grail of ion-neutral systems is reaching the quantum low-energy scattering regime, known as the s-wave scattering. However, in most atom-ion systems, there is a fundamental limit that prohibits reaching this regime. This limit arises from the time-dependent trapping potential of the ion, the Paul trap, which sets a lower collision energy limit which is higher than the s-wave energy. In this work, we studied both theoretically and experimentally, the way the Paul trap parameters affect the energy distribution of an ion that is immersed in a bath of ultra-cold atoms. Heating rates and energy distributions of the ion are calculated for various trap parameters by a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that takes into account the attractive atom-ion potential. The deviation of the energy distribution from a thermal one is discussed. Using the MD simulation, the heating dynamics for different atom-ion combinations is also investigated. In addition, we performed measurements of the heating rates of a ground-state cooled 88 Sr + ion that is immersed in an ultra-cold cloud of 87 Rb atoms, over a wide range of trap parameters, and compare our results to the MD simulation. Both the simulation and the experiment reveal no significant change in the heating for different parameters of the trap. However, in the experiment a slightly higher global heating is observed, relative to the simulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of ion-trap parameters on energy distributions of ultra-cold atom–ion mixtures

et al. 2020

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“…Other long-range interaction potentials (of the form C n /r n with n>3) are characterized by similar but distinct universal functions constituting different universality classes for QDU (see appendix D). Future work will explore the universality for potentials with n=4, 5, relevant for loss rates measurements of trapped molecules and ions from shallow traps [28][29][30]. Figure 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universality of quantum diffractive collisions and the quantum pressure standard

et al. 2019

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This work demonstrates that quantum diffractive collisions are governed by a universal law characterized by a single parameter that can be determined experimentally. Specifically, we report a quantitative form of the universal, cumulative energy distribution transferred to initially stationary sensor particles by quantum diffractive collisions. The characteristic energy scale corresponds to the localization length associated with the collision-induced quantum measurement, and the shape of the universal function is determined only by the analytic form of the interaction potential at long range. Using cold 87 Rb sensor atoms confined in a magnetic trap, we observe experimentally p QDU6 , the universal function specific to van der Waals collisions, and use it to realize a self-defining particle pressure sensor that can be used for any ambient gas. This provides the first primary and quantum definition of the Pascal, applicable to any species and therefore represents a fundamental advance for vacuum and pressure metrology. The quantum pressure standard realized here is compared with a state-of-the-art orifice flow standard transferred by an ionization gauge calibrated for N 2 . The pressure measurements agree at the 0.5% level. m d 4 2 t  º p s ̶ [4]. Here m t is the mass of the sensor particle and s ̶ is the thermally-averaged total collision cross section, including contributions from both elastic and inelastic scattering. We further demonstrate that s ̶ is independent of the short-range interaction between the colliding particles with van der Waals long-range interactions.It is well known that collisions resulting in small momentum transfer are dominated by quantum diffractive scattering [4,5]. Such collisions occur with small scattering angles 0 q  and are predominantly determined by OPEN ACCESS RECEIVED

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“…It should also be noted that in envisioned ion-atom collision experiments, which is one of the highlighted scenarios that could strongly benefit from absence of rf fields and the related micromotion-induced heating, elastic collisions are expected to be a highly efficient cooling mechanism [85,86] with cooling rates that are several orders of magnitude higher than R max . For the case of Ba + ions immersed in a cloud of ultracold Rb atoms, the sympathetic cooling rate is estimated to be on the order of 100 mK s −1 [15].…”

Section: Heating Rate Due To Ambient Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solid lines: fits to the data assuming a radial cutoff model, with temperatures T 1 = 320 ± 30 µK and T 2 = 500 ± 60 µK. Taken from [15].…”

Section: Heating Rate Due To Ambient Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It highlights the advantages of the currently used techniques applied for trapping and manipulating ions in comparison with the features granted by optical traps for neutral atoms.Chapter 2 lays out the general concepts, requirements and methodology for realizations of optical trapping of ions.Chapter 3 describes how the tools and methods presented in the previous chapter can be used to confine single atomic ions in optical traps. Individual developments achieved in the last years are highlighted by presenting and discussing milestone experiments [12][13][14][15]. The aim of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the current performance granted by this approach and its prospective possibilities for applications in the near future.…”

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Trapping Single Ions and Coulomb Crystals with Light Fields

Karpa¹

2019

SpringerBriefs in Physics

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ii Preface The scope of this book is on providing insight into the recently emerged field of optical trapping of ions. Ever since the ground-breaking introduction of light fields as tools for exerting trapping forces on matter in 1970 by Ashkin [1], optical dipole traps have been used with remarkable success in several fields of research, most notably in atomic physics, where they have enabled an unprecedented level of control over neutral atoms and molecules both at the level of quantum ensembles [2] as well as individual particles [3,4].Another tremendously influential development in Physics was enabled by the invention of radiofrequency traps pioneered by Paul [5] and Dehmelt, allowing for confinement of single atomic ions demonstrated by Wineland [6] decades before this was realized on the level of individual neutral atoms in optical traps. Ions provide a number of properties that render them ideal for state-of-the-art applications in several cutting-edge areas of contemporary research ranging from metrology [7], quantum simulation and computation [8] to ultracold chemistry [9].However, it was found recently that in some situations it is highly advantageous to confine ions without employing any radiofrequency-based Paul traps or strong external magnetic fields in Penning traps, e.g. when investigating the interaction of neutral atoms and ions in the regime of ultralow interaction energies [10]. Adapting optical traps for ions [11] is a promising way to approach such scenarios and the focus of this work is to present a comprehensive overview of the background and concepts behind this technique as well as to discuss the currently achievable level of control, encountered limitations and perspectives for future applications.iii iv PREFACE Chapter 1 is intended to provide a context of the described experiments within the field of atomic physics. It highlights the advantages of the currently used techniques applied for trapping and manipulating ions in comparison with the features granted by optical traps for neutral atoms.Chapter 2 lays out the general concepts, requirements and methodology for realizations of optical trapping of ions.Chapter 3 describes how the tools and methods presented in the previous chapter can be used to confine single atomic ions in optical traps. Individual developments achieved in the last years are highlighted by presenting and discussing milestone experiments [12][13][14][15]. The aim of this chapter is to provide an understanding of the current performance granted by this approach and its prospective possibilities for applications in the near future. It concludes with a discussion of the identified limitations and strategies for future improvement.Chapter 4 is focused on experiments reaching beyond the established optical traps for single ions. It provides an in-depth view on the recently demonstrated extension of the presented methods to the case of ion Coulomb crystals [16].Chapter 5 highlights the key features of the concepts discussed in this book, summarizes the main features o...

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Long lifetimes and effective isolation of ions in optical and electrostatic traps

Cited by 48 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of ion-trap parameters on energy distributions of ultra-cold atom–ion mixtures

Effect of ion-trap parameters on energy distributions of ultra-cold atom–ion mixtures

Universality of quantum diffractive collisions and the quantum pressure standard

Trapping Single Ions and Coulomb Crystals with Light Fields

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