Long flights in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) measured by a flight mill: influence of sex, mated status and age

Schumacher, Peter; Weyeneth, Albert; Weber, Donald C.; Dorn, Silvia

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3032.1997.tb01152.x

Cited by 164 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The body size of the cactus moths is much larger than the previously studied Cydia spp. (Schumacher et al 1997a(Schumacher et al , 1997bDorn et al 1999;Hughes et al 2004); hence, for the purpose of the current study, the ßight mill technique had to be adjusted. Sexual dimorphism was marked in C. cactorum, because newly eclosed females weighed an average 80% more than males.…”

Section: Diel Cycle Of Flight In Unmated and Mated Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Sarvary

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Bloem³

et al. 2008

Journal of Economic Entomology

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Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is an invasive herbivore that poses a serious risk to Opuntia cacti in North America. Knowledge of the ßight behavior of the cactus moth is crucial for a better understanding of natural dispersal, and for both monitoring and control. We used computer-linked ßight mills to investigate diel ßight activity and ßight performance in relation to gender, age, mating status, and body size. Maximal ßight activity for both mated and unmated moths occurred during twilight, whereas ßight activity was low during photophase. The total distance ßown and the number of initiated ßights within a diel cycle were higher in both unmated and mated females than in males, but the longest single ßight was similar in both genders. These Þndings suggest that pheromone trap captures of males likely indicate the simultaneous presence of females and that mated females might even be in areas where males are not detected yet. Flight performance heterogeneity was large, with a small portion of the population (both males and females) performing long unbroken ßights, whereas the majority made short ßights. Females had higher pupal and adult body size and shorter longevity than males. A few individuals, particularly young mated females, ßying long distances may be important for active spread of a population and the colonization of new habitats. Implications of this study in the control of the cactus moth by using the sterile insect technique are discussed.

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Section: Diel Cycle Of Flight In Unmated and Mated Mothsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Sarvary

Bloem

Bloem³

et al. 2008

Journal of Economic Entomology

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“…Flight activity was related with the circadian rhythm, age and mating status rather than sex (Schumacher et al, 1997b;Keil et al, 2001;Gu et al, 2006). Additionally, flight activity was higher in mated than virgin females and increased during the egg-laying period; therefore, little dispersal occurs before mating (Schumacher et al, 1997b). Both sexes showed higher activity at dusk, with males reaching flight activity peaks at a younger age than females (Keil et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Regardless of sex, adult flight in wind-tunnel experiments has shown a negative correlation with body weight (Schumacher et al, 1997a). However, no major differences in flight capacity between males and females were found in another study (Schumacher et al, 1997b). Flight activity was related with the circadian rhythm, age and mating status rather than sex (Schumacher et al, 1997b;Keil et al, 2001;Gu et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, no major differences in flight capacity between males and females were found in another study (Schumacher et al, 1997b). Flight activity was related with the circadian rhythm, age and mating status rather than sex (Schumacher et al, 1997b;Keil et al, 2001;Gu et al, 2006). Additionally, flight activity was higher in mated than virgin females and increased during the egg-laying period; therefore, little dispersal occurs before mating (Schumacher et al, 1997b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Body mass and wing geometric morphology of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) according to sex, location and host plant in the region of Maule, Chile

et al. 2015

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Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the key pest of apple and walnut production worldwide. Among other variables, successful management of this pest is dependent on adult dispersal at the local scale. Body mass and wing geometric morphology were evaluated on female and male codling moth adults collected from apple and walnut trees in three localities of the Region of Maule. Codling moth adults were obtained by rearing diapausing larvae collected from the field. Newly emerged adults were killed, and the total dry weight, thorax weight and abdomen weight were calculated. The wings were cleared and mounted for morphometric analyses: 15 and 11 characteristics of the fore and hind wings, respectively, were measured, including the meeting points of the veins and attaching points to the margins. In addition, wing length, area, loading, and aspect ratio were evaluated. As previously reported, females showed larger thorax, abdomen and total body mass, with longer, larger, and wider wings than males but with similar wing loading as males. The geometric morphology analysis also confirmed a sexual dimorphism in the fore and hind wings' size and shape. Significant differences in body mass and wing loading were found between localities, with morphological differences detected in the fore and hind wing shape but not in size. Host plant (apple and walnut) did not influence body mass, wing size or shape variables. Potential consequences of body mass and wing morphology differences on the dispersal and management of this major pest are discussed.

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“…(2007) summarised existing literature, for example noting that flight mill experiments showed that adults are short-distance dispersers (Schumacher et al, 1997). In mark-recapture studies, Thistlewood et al, (2004) reported most adults were captured within 800m of release locations and none more than 3km away.…”

Section: B29 Dispersal Of Adultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of probabilistic models for quantitative pathway analysis of plant pest introduction for the EU territory

Holt

Leach

Mumford

et al. 2016

EFSA Supporting Publications

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This report demonstrates a probabilistic quantitative pathway analysis model that can be used in risk assessment for plant pest introduction into EU territory on a range of edible commodities (apples, oranges, stone fruits and wheat). Two types of model were developed: a general commodity model that simulates distribution of an imported infested/infected commodity to and within the EU from source countries by month; and a consignment model that simulates the movement and distribution of individual consignments from source countries to destinations in the EU. The general pathway model has two modules. Module 1 is a trade pathway model, with a Eurostat database of five years of monthly trade volumes for each specific commodity into the EU28 from all source countries and territories. Infestation levels based on interception records, commercial quality standards or other information determine volume of infested commodity entering and transhipped within the EU. Module 2 allocates commodity volumes to processing, retail use and waste streams and overlays the distribution onto EU NUTS2 regions based on population densities and processing unit locations. Transfer potential to domestic host crops is a function of distribution of imported infested product and area of domestic production in NUTS2 regions, pest dispersal potential, and phenology of susceptibility in domestic crops. The consignment model covers the several routes on supply chains for processing and retail use. The output of the general pathway model is a distribution of estimated volumes of infested produce by NUTS2 region across the EU28, by month or annually; this is then related to the accessible susceptible domestic crop. Risk is expressed as a potential volume of infested fruit in potential contact with an area of susceptible domestic host crop. The output of the consignment model is a volume of infested produce retained at each stage along the specific consignment trade chain.

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Long flights in Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) measured by a flight mill: influence of sex, mated status and age

Cited by 164 publications

References 37 publications

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Diel Flight Pattern and Flight Performance of Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Measured on a Flight Mill: Influence of Age, Gender, Mating Status, and Body Size

Body mass and wing geometric morphology of the codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) according to sex, location and host plant in the region of Maule, Chile

Development of probabilistic models for quantitative pathway analysis of plant pest introduction for the EU territory

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