Specific anatomical characteristics make the porcine species especially sensitive to extreme temperature changes, predisposing them to pathologies and even death due to thermal stress. Interest in improving animal welfare and porcine productivity has led to the development of various lines of research that seek to understand the effect of certain environmental conditions on productivity and the impact of implementing strategies designed to mitigate adverse effects. The non-invasive infrared thermography technique is one of the tools most widely used to carry out these studies, based on detecting changes in microcirculation. However, evaluations using this tool require reliable thermal windows; this can be challenging because several factors can affect the sensitivity and specificity of the regions selected. This review discusses the thermal windows used with domestic pigs and the association of thermal changes in these regions with the thermoregulatory capacity of piglets and hogs.

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Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is the key pest of apple and walnut production worldwide. Among other variables, successful management of this pest is dependent on adult dispersal at the local scale. Body mass and wing geometric morphology were evaluated on female and male codling moth adults collected from apple and walnut trees in three localities of the Region of Maule. Codling moth adults were obtained by rearing diapausing larvae collected from the field. Newly emerged adults were killed, and the total dry weight, thorax weight and abdomen weight were calculated. The wings were cleared and mounted for morphometric analyses: 15 and 11 characteristics of the fore and hind wings, respectively, were measured, including the meeting points of the veins and attaching points to the margins. In addition, wing length, area, loading, and aspect ratio were evaluated. As previously reported, females showed larger thorax, abdomen and total body mass, with longer, larger, and wider wings than males but with similar wing loading as males. The geometric morphology analysis also confirmed a sexual dimorphism in the fore and hind wings' size and shape. Significant differences in body mass and wing loading were found between localities, with morphological differences detected in the fore and hind wing shape but not in size. Host plant (apple and walnut) did not influence body mass, wing size or shape variables. Potential consequences of body mass and wing morphology differences on the dispersal and management of this major pest are discussed.

Ante el problema actual de la contaminación ambiental por el efecto tóxico de los insecticidas sintéticos, así como por el encarecimiento de los mismos, ha cobrado importancia la búsqueda y aprovechamiento de fuentes alternas de bioinsecticidas derivados de aceites esenciales. La función del aceite al contacto con el insecto cubren los espiráculos causando su muerte por asfixia. Se ha demostrado que el aceite de higuerilla contiene compuestos con actividad insecticida. Por lo anterior se evaluó la toxicidad del aceite de higuerilla (Ricinus communis L.) como bioinsecticida en el control de Rhyzopertha dominica F. en granos almacenados. Muestras de 5 g de grano de trigo fueron tratadas con 25, 50 y 80 μL del aceite de R. communis e infestadas por 10 insectos cada uno y almacenadas en incubadoras a temperatura de 27º y 70% de humedad relativa por períodos 24, 48 y 72 h. Los resultados indicaron que R. communis ocasionó la mayor mortalidad en la concentración de 80 μL en los tres tiempos de exposición del insecto (P<0.05). Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo demuestran que el uso de aceite de higuerilla como insecticida podría contribuir a reducir el uso de insecticidas químicos