Long-Distance Transport of Finisher Pigs in the Iberian Peninsula: Effects of Season on Thermal and Enthalpy Conditions, Welfare Indicators and Meat pH

Lama, Genaro C. Miranda-de la; Bermejo‐Poza, Rubén; García-Rebollar, P.; Mitchell, M.A.; Barreiro, P.; Villarroel, Morris

doi:10.3390/ani11082410

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(2) the documented thermophysiological indicators upon arrival at the slaughterhouse, particularly in the animals that traveled ≥50 km; consequently, the TT will increase in these animals, which provides high stress due to the factors inherent to transport and a possible loss of pork quality when gauging pH 45 min. (Ochove et al, 2010;Pereira et al, 2017;Faucitano, 2018;Miranda-de La Lama et al, 2021).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the transport distance, whether short or long, negatively influences animal physiology and meat quality due to a short adaptation period to transport conditions, as well as the time when the animals arrive at the slaughterhouse (Ochove et al, 2010;Miranda-de la Lama et al, 2021). These situations can promote quality losses (Nannoni et al, 2014), implying reduced welfare conditions, particularly when associated with waiting in facilities that do not favor thermal comfort (Machado et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Melo

Machado

Filho

et al. 2023

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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Inadequate pre-slaughter handling practices may compromise animal welfare and pork quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and pre-slaughtering period (WT) on animal thermophysiological indicators and pork pH using a multivariate approach. This study was conducted in a slaughterhouse located in Aquiraz, Ceará state, Brazil. A total of 60 mestizo pigs with 107 ± 5 kg body weight were distributed into three experimental groups: group A (TT = 180 min, UT ≤ 10 min, and WT = 24 hours), group B (TT = 60 min, UT ≤ 15 min, and WT = 18 hours), and group C (TT = 45 min, UT ≤ 5 min, and WT = 24 hours). Canonical discriminant analysis was implemented and the differences between treatments are represented graphically. The first two components accounted for 97% treatments. The discriminant analysis showed that group C presented multivariate differences in relation to others, particularly with high rectal temperature before slaughter (38.4 ± 0.23 °C) and respiratory rate (131 ± 7.0 breaths min-1) and rectal temperature (39.7 ± 0.18 °C) upon arrival at the slaughterhouse. Transport period (TT), unloading period (UT), and thermal stress of the facilities influenced physiological variables, such as rectal temperature and respiratory rate. Furthermore, the physiological stress variables also favored cuts with basic pH, resulting in quality loss.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Melo

Machado

Filho

et al. 2023

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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“…Values of ECI for other journeys studied was found to be 46.9 ± 4.5 kJ/kg during the dry season and was within the comfort zone limit. A further development of application of enthalpy to the assessment of animal welfare in transit has been presented (Villarroel et al., 2011; Miranda‐de la Lama et al., 2021). This work described the use of time derivatives of temperature and enthalpy as non‐invasive indicators of welfare of pigs in transit.…”

Section: Assessment Of Scenario 1: Road Transport Of Domestic Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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This opinion, produced upon a request from the European Commission, focuses on transport of domestic birds and rabbits in containers (e.g. any crate, box, receptacle or other rigid structure used for the transport of animals, but not the means of transport itself). It describes and assesses current transport practices in the EU, based on data from literature, Member States and expert opinion. The species and categories of domestic birds assessed were mainly chickens for meat (broilers), end-of-lay hens and dayold chicks. They included to a lesser extent pullets, turkeys, ducks, geese, quails and game birds, due to limited scientific evidence. The opinion focuses on road transport to slaughterhouses or to production sites. For day-old chicks, air transport is also addressed. The relevant stages of transport considered are preparation, loading, journey, arrival and uncrating. Welfare consequences associated with current transport practices were identified for each stage. For loading and uncrating, the highly relevant welfare consequences identified are handling stress, injuries, restriction of movement and sensory overstimulation. For the journey and arrival, injuries, restriction of movement, sensory overstimulation, motion stress, heat stress, cold stress, prolonged hunger and prolonged thirst are identified as highly relevant. For each welfare consequence, animal-based measures (ABMs) and hazards were identified and assessed, and both preventive and corrective or mitigative measures proposed. Recommendations on quantitative criteria to prevent or mitigate welfare consequences are provided for microclimatic conditions, space allowances and journey times for all categories of animals, where scientific evidence and expert opinion support such outcomes.

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“…Even though enthalpy has been reported in some studies in relation to the quantification of heat stress in pigs during transport (e.g. Dalla Costa et al, 2019;Machado et al, 2021;Miranda-de la Lama et al, 2021), at the present stage, it is considered that too few data are available to be able to give recommendations based on enthalpy. Thus, this Scientific Opinion focuses on the temperature immediately surrounding the pigs and measures of humidity.…”

Section: D) Thermal Heat Indicesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Welfare of pigs during transport

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In the framework of its Farm to Fork Strategy, the Commission is undertaking a comprehensive evaluation of the animal welfare legislation. The present Opinion deals with protection of pigs during transport. The welfare of pigs during transport by road is the main focus, but other means of transport are also covered. Current practices related to transport of pigs during the different stages (preparation, loading/unloading, transit and journey breaks) are described. Overall, 10 welfare consequences were identified as highly relevant for the welfare of pigs during transport based on the severity, duration and frequency of occurrence: group stress, handling stress, heat stress, injuries, motion stress, prolonged hunger, prolonged thirst, restriction of movement, resting problems and sensory overstimulation. These welfare consequences and their animal-based measures are described. A variety of hazards were identified, mainly relating to factors such as mixing of unfamiliar pigs, inappropriate handling methods and devices, the use of pick-up pens, inexperienced/untrained handlers, structural deficiencies of vehicles and facilities, poor driving conditions, unfavourable microclimatic and environmental conditions and poor husbandry practices leading to these welfare consequences. The Opinion contains general and specific conclusions relating to the different stages of transport of pigs. Recommendations to prevent hazards and to correct or mitigate welfare consequences are made. Recommendations were also developed to define quantitative thresholds for microclimatic conditions and minimum space allowance within means of transport. The development of the welfare consequences over time was assessed in relation to maximum journey duration. The Opinion covers specific animal transport scenarios identified by the European Commission relating to transport of cull sows and 'special health status animals', and lists welfare concerns associated with these.

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Long-Distance Transport of Finisher Pigs in the Iberian Peninsula: Effects of Season on Thermal and Enthalpy Conditions, Welfare Indicators and Meat pH

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Pre-slaughter management in Northeast Brazil and the effects on thermophysiological indicators in pigs and pH45

Welfare of domestic birds and rabbits transported in containers

Welfare of pigs during transport

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