Long cycle life and dendrite-free lithium morphology in anode-free lithium pouch cells enabled by a dual-salt liquid electrolyte

Weber, Rochelle; Genovese, Matthew; Louli, A. J.; Hames, Samuel; Martin, Cameron; Hill, Ian G.; Dahn, J. R.

doi:10.1038/s41560-019-0428-9

Cited by 695 publications

(626 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[ 48,49 ] The SEI layer with boron species has been proved to be effective for metal anode protection. [ 50–52 ] Therefore, regulating the components and structure of the in situ formed SEI is of great significance to protect the metal anode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Sodium Metal Batteries via Manipulation of Electrolyte Solvation Structure

et al. 2020

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ion batteries (LIBs), which significantly hinders the technology adoption rate. The energy density of SIBs is greatly limited by the anode material, [10] for example, the conventional anode, hard carbon, can only provide a specific capacity of ≈250 mAh g −1 . Sodium metal is an ideal alternative of the anode materials for SIBs due to its relatively high theoretical specific capacity (1166 mAh g −1 ) and low redox potential (−2.71 V vs the standard hydrogen electrode). [11][12][13][14][15] Typical sodium metal batteries, such as sodium-sulfur and sodium-oxygen batteries, have ultrahigh theoretical energy densities of 1274 and 1605 Wh kg −1 , respectively, which are 10 times higher than that of the SIBs (120 Wh kg −1 ). [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Applications of Li metal anode have been hindered by the scarcity and uneven distribution of Li resource. Benefiting from the wide distribution of Na resource, it is possible to design high power, high energy density and low-cost sodium-based batteries by "enhanced cathode materials," [24] "electrolyte design" [25] and sodium metal anode protection.Although the sodium metal anode holds promising potential for providing high energy density, its practical applications are encountered with several essential challenges, such as dendritic growth and side reactions, thus leading to serious safety issues and short battery life. To overcome these problems, tremendous efforts have been devoted to suppressing the sodium dendrite growth and enhancing the Coulombic efficiency (CE) of sodium metal anode. A variety of strategies have been proposed to improve the reversibility and cycling stability, including the utilization of 3D current collectors, manipulation of artificial solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) and development of stable electrolyte solvation structure. For example, the 3D metal skeletons, [26,27] carbon-based materials, [28][29][30][31][32] and pillared Mxene [33] have been used as current collectors for sodium metal anode, which successfully change the sodium plating/stripping behaviors and achieve better cycling performances by reducing the local current densities at the electrode surface. However, the direct consequences for using 3D current collectors include the introduction of voids and additional weight of inactive materials and the sacrifice of the first cycle CE caused by increased anode surface area. The utilization of artificial SEI is another common strategy to physically suppress the Na dendrite and increase the CE of sodium anode. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Nevertheless, it is still challenging to design suitable artificial SEI because of the large size of the Sodium metal batteries have attracted rapidly rising attention due to their low cost and high energy densities. However, the instability and low efficiency of metallic sodium anodes pose significant concerns for their practical applications. Here a highly stable sodium metal anode enabled by an etherbased electrolyte is reported, which exhibits a long-term stable cycling up to 400 cycles and achie...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Sodium Metal Batteries via Manipulation of Electrolyte Solvation Structure

et al. 2020

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“…The continuous decomposition of functional additives during repeated cycling and the resulting decrease of their efficiency for prolonging cycling lifetime highlight the need to reformulate electrolytes with different Li salts or solvents. [ 55,151,165–170 ] Yoon et al used a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)/lithium bis(oxalate)borate(LiBOB) dual salt and LiPF 6 as an additive to more efficiently control undesired Li deposition (Figure 8d). [ 171 ] The above salt played a critical role in anode passivation via simultaneous formation of flexible polycarbonate and rigid Li 2 O components upon SEI development.…”

Section: Use Of LI Metal Powder and Micropatterning To Increase Surfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure‐Controlled Li Metal Electrodes for Post‐Li‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Jin

Park

Ryou

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Inter

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more batteries, this approach fails to exceed the threshold of 500 km in view of the limited battery mounting space in EVs and the almost saturated energy density of state-of-the-art LIBs (Figure 1a).As demonstrated in the road map for the development of the eGolf (an EV from Volkswagen), a driving range of 420 km can be achieved by 2020 based on the currently available LIB chemistry, cell design techniques, and vehicle frame lightening.

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“…Unfortunately, bare Li suffers from huge volume variation upon repeated plating and stripping, during which a stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) fails to form on the surface . The constant exposure of Li to electrolytes causes low Coulombic efficiencies and poor cycling performance . More importantly, the mechanical instability of SEI layers cannot effectively prevent Li dendrite formation, leading to severe safety problems such as an internal short‐circuit .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Amalgam Film Enables Stable Lithium Metal Anodes with High Capacities

Shen

et al. 2019

Angewandte Chemie

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Dendrite formation is ac ritical challenge for the applications of lithium (Li)m etal anodes.I nt his work an ew strategy is demonstrated to address this issue by fabricating an Li amalgam film on its surface.T his protective film serves as af lexible buffer that affords repeated Li plating/stripping.I n symmetric cells,t he protected Li electrodes exhibit stable cycling over 750 hours at ahigh plating current and capacity of 8mAcm À2 and 8mAh cm À2 ,r espectively.C oupled with highloading cathodes (ca. 12 mg cm À2 )s uch as LiFePO 4 and LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 ,t he protected hybrid anodes demonstrate significantly improved cell stability,indicating its reliability for practical development of Li metal batteries.Interfacial analyses reveal au nique plating-alloying synergistic function of the protective film, where Li beneath the film is actively involved in the electrode reactions upon cycling. Lithium amalgams enrich the alloy anode family and provide new perspectives for the rational design of dendrite-free anodes.Lithium (Li)m etal has long been considered an attractive anode candidate because of its exclusive low potential (À3.04 Vv s. SHE) and high theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g À1 ). [1] Unfortunately,b are Li suffers from huge volume variation upon repeated plating and stripping, during which astable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) fails to form on the surface. [2] Thec onstant exposure of Li to electrolytes causes low Coulombic efficiencies and poor cycling performance. [3][4][5][6] More importantly,t he mechanical instability of SEI layers cannot effectively prevent Li dendrite formation, leading to severe safety problems such as an internal shortcircuit. [7][8][9] Modified electrolytes have been proposed to regulate the electrolyte/electrode interface and hence induce the formation of rigid SEI upon Li plating. [10][11][12][13][14] While it is ap romising strategy,s uitable electrolyte components are limited for the realization of Li protection. Many studies reveal active electrolyte ingredients are constantly consumed upon cycling, and thus raises concerns on the lifespan of practical Li metal cells adopting modified electrolytes. [15] Instead, the ex situ construction of an artificial protection layer on Li is am ore versatile technique to obtain desired compositions and structures.Carbon materials and polymers are frequently employed to build physical layers for preventing dendrite penetration in Li anodes. [16][17][18][19] Thef lexibility of these materials effectively accommodates volume fluctuation of the underlying anode upon Li plating/ stripping. [20] Very recently,alloys have emerged as aclass of promising surface coating materials by promoting the lithiophilic nature of Li anodes and thus guiding uniform Li deposition and nucleation. [21][22][23][24] Furthermore,s ome electrochemically active alloys could get involved in lithiation/delithiation at higher potentials than that for pristine Li, which is thermodynamically favorable for constructing dendrite-free morphologies. [25] Al ar...

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Long cycle life and dendrite-free lithium morphology in anode-free lithium pouch cells enabled by a dual-salt liquid electrolyte

Cited by 695 publications

References 38 publications

Stable Sodium Metal Batteries via Manipulation of Electrolyte Solvation Structure

Stable Sodium Metal Batteries via Manipulation of Electrolyte Solvation Structure

Structure‐Controlled Li Metal Electrodes for Post‐Li‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and Perspectives

Flexible Amalgam Film Enables Stable Lithium Metal Anodes with High Capacities

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