Long astral microtubules uncouple mitotic spindles from the cytokinetic furrow

Rankin, Kathleen E.; Wordeman, Linda

doi:10.1083/jcb.201004017

Cited by 80 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…Less polarized spontaneous symmetry breaking that relies on coupling of cortical actomyosin dynamics to the microtubule cytoskeleton during cell division has also been observed when unnaturally long astral microtubules are generated by depletion of the microtubule depolymerizing mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK) [79]. Under these conditions, longitudinal spindle oscillations were observed after anaphase which were driven by non-muscle myosin II oscillations between polar cortices that probably became weakened before by excessive contacts to microtubules (Figure 2c).…”

Section: Microtubules In Neuronal Polarity and Spontaneous Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 83%

“…This suggests that under these specific conditions, microtubules can initiate spontaneous symmetry breaking similar to partial polarization by microtubule dynamics in developing embryos when actomyosin activity is compromised [80]. [78]; (c) Left: Differences in astral microtubule organization compared to wild type mitotic cells after depletion of the kinesin MCAK [79]. Spontaneous oscillations following anaphase onset.…”

Section: Microtubules In Neuronal Polarity and Spontaneous Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coloring as in panel (b). For high-resolution dynamics of oscillations, visit the supplemental material of [79] (time-lapse video microscopy data).…”

Section: Microtubules In Neuronal Polarity and Spontaneous Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

Pohl

2015

Symmetry

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Animal development relies on repeated symmetry breaking, e.g., during axial specification, gastrulation, nervous system lateralization, lumen formation, or organ coiling. It is crucial that asymmetry increases during these processes, since this will generate higher morphological and functional specialization. On one hand, cue-dependent symmetry breaking is used during these processes which is the consequence of developmental signaling. On the other hand, cells isolated from developing animals also undergo symmetry breaking in the absence of signaling cues. These spontaneously arising asymmetries are not well understood. However, an ever growing body of evidence suggests that these asymmetries can originate from spontaneous symmetry breaking and self-organization of molecular assemblies into polarized entities on mesoscopic scales. Recent discoveries will be highlighted and it will be discussed how actomyosin and microtubule networks serve as common biomechanical systems with inherent abilities to drive spontaneous symmetry breaking.

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Section: Microtubules In Neuronal Polarity and Spontaneous Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Microtubules In Neuronal Polarity and Spontaneous Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

Pohl

2015

Symmetry

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“…S1; RNAi efficiency is shown in supplementary material Fig. S2; Rankin and Wordeman, 2010;Zanin et al, 2013). These observations were quantified by measuring anillin fluorescence intensity across the central plane of the cell to include the equatorial cortex (the line scan was drawn away from the DNA in metaphase cells) and averaging cells with identical line lengths.…”

Section: Astral Microtubules and Central Spindle Microtubules Indepenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains

Triplet

Garcia

Bik

et al. 2014

Journal of Cell Science

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BSTRACTCytokinesis occurs by the ingression of an actomyosin ring that separates the cell into two daughter cells. The mitotic spindle, comprising astral and central spindle microtubules, couples contractile ring ingression with DNA segregation. Cues from the central spindle activate RhoA, the upstream regulator of the contractile ring. However, additional cues from the astral microtubules also reinforce the localization of active RhoA. Using human cells, we show that astral and central spindle microtubules independently control the localization of contractile proteins during cytokinesis. Astral microtubules restrict the accumulation and localization of contractile proteins during mitosis, whereas the central spindle forms a discrete ring by directing RhoA activation in the equatorial plane. Anillin stabilizes the contractile ring during cytokinesis. We show that human anillin interacts with astral microtubules and that this interaction is competed by the cortical recruitment of anillin by active RhoA. Anillin restricts the localization of myosin to the equatorial cortex and that of NuMA (part of the microtubule-tethering complex that regulates spindle position) to the polar cortex. The sequestration of anillin by astral microtubules might alter the organization of cortical proteins to polarize cells for cytokinesis.

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“…Lastly, based on the observations of Rankin and Wordeman [20], we may speculate that the spindle rocking and cytoskeleton machineries, which are escorted by clathrin, tubulin, actin and myosin molecules, may traffic and propel biomolecules toward the plasma membrane in abnormally proliferating cells where they may initiate membrane blebs at lipid rafts, resulting in the budding and cell extrusion of MVs. However, this mechanism has not been demonstrated to date.…”

Section: Biogenesis Of Microvesiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microvesicles in Gliomas and Medulloblastomas: An Overview

Nawaz¹,

Fatima²,

Zanetti³

et al. 2014

JCT

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Long astral microtubules uncouple mitotic spindles from the cytokinetic furrow

Abstract: Depletion of MCAK, which lengthens astral microtubules, induces oscillations of the mitotic spindle, and displaces the plane of cell division.

Cited by 80 publications

References 36 publications

Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

Cytoskeletal Symmetry Breaking and Chirality: From Reconstituted Systems to Animal Development

Anillin interacts with microtubules and is part of the astral pathway that defines cortical domains

Microvesicles in Gliomas and Medulloblastomas: An Overview

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