Locus of control and subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Australia

Kesavayuth, Dusanee; Tran, Dai Binh; Zikos, Vasileios

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272714

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Individuals with a more internal LOC believe that their own efforts determine outcomes in life, while those with an external LOC believe that external causes, such as luck or powerful others, are the main determinants of outcomes. Those with an external LOC have lower subjective well-being, 26 worse health outcomes 27 and are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviours. 28 How we select and train doctors may lead them to have personality characteristics that differ from the patient population.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does doctors’ personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys

et al. 2023

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ObjectivesPersonality differences between doctors and patients can affect treatment outcomes. We examine these trait disparities, as well as differences across medical specialities.DesignRetrospective, observational statistical analysis of secondary data.SettingData from two data sets that are nationally representative of doctors and the general population in Australia.ParticipantsWe include 23 358 individuals from a representative survey of the general Australian population (with subgroups of 18 705 patients, 1261 highly educated individuals and 5814 working in caring professions) as well as 19 351 doctors from a representative survey of doctors in Australia (with subgroups of 5844 general practitioners, 1776 person-oriented specialists and 3245 technique-oriented specialists).Main outcome measuresBig Five personality traits and locus of control. Measures are standardised by gender, age and being born overseas and weighted to be representative of their population.ResultsDoctors are significantly more agreeable (a: standardised score −0.12, 95% CIs −0.18 to −0.06), conscientious (c: −0.27 to –0.33 to −0.20), extroverted (e: 0.11, 0.04 to 0.17) and neurotic (n: 0.14, CI 0.08 to 0.20) than the general population (a: −0.38 to –0.42 to −0.34, c: −0.96 to –1.00 to −0.91, e: −0.22 to –0.26 to −0.19, n: −1.01 to –1.03 to −0.98) or patients (a: −0.77 to –0.85 to −0.69, c: −1.27 to –1.36 to −1.19, e: −0.24 to –0.31 to −0.18, n: −0.71 to –0.76 to −0.66). Patients (−0.03 to –0.10 to 0.05) are more open than doctors (−0.30 to –0.36 to −0.23). Doctors have a significantly more external locus of control (0.06, 0.00 to 0.13) than the general population (−0.10 to –0.13 to −0.06) but do not differ from patients (−0.04 to –0.11 to 0.03). There are minor differences in personality traits among doctors with different specialities.ConclusionsSeveral personality traits differ between doctors, the population and patients. Awareness about differences can improve doctor–patient communication and allow patients to understand and comply with treatment recommendations.

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Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Does doctors’ personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys

et al. 2023

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“…At the end of one year, the CTM participants lost an average of 8% of their original weight. What is important is that the participants continued to use the CTM to sustain their lost weight for one year (48) strongly suggesting that the CTM may be effective not only in preventing age-related weight gain as suggested in this paper, but also in preventing weight regain as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…What is responsible for the effectiveness of self-weighing when most attempts to prevent age-related weight gain fail? Several years ago we introduced the term Caloric Titration Method (CTM) to describe the selfweighing technique as a way to reduce age-related weight gain (48) . The CTM uses not only daily weight measurements, but also displays the user's most recent eight weights on a graph displayed on the screen of the scale for the user to view when their current measurement is completed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The value of viewing the graph of the recent history of weights lies in the fact that the participants see that although body weight on any day is variable, the trends in their weights over time more accurately reflect changes in body mass than any individual point. Moreover, seeing the relationship between an action (eating less) and a response (slope of the trend) is negative, may reinforce those behaviors to sustain a reduction in their intake and increases the participant's sense that they are in control of their weight, an important determinant of good mental health and well-being (48,49).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Daily Self-Weighing to Prevent Age-Related Weight Gain

Levitsky

Zhong

Barre

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective Age-related weight gain refers to the gain in adult body weight with age. What makes age-related weight gain a serious public health problem is that the higher the rate of age-related weight gain, the greater the incidence of many weight related diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. We examined the efficacy of daily self-weighing to reduce age-related weight gain among university employees. Design: Participants were randomized into two groups. One group (experimental) were given internet-based scales and asked to weigh themselves daily. They received an email reminder if more than three days elapsed between weighings. The other group (control), like the experimental group, was weighed at the beginning and the end of the two-year experimental period. Settings: The initial and final weighing occurred in the Metabolic Unit of the Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. Participants: The participants were 286 adult employees of a Cornell University Results Using the conventional Intent-to-Treat analysis neither the within subject weight change over time (-0.38kg [-1.27kg, 0.50kg], control: 0.19kg [-0.56kg, 0.93kg]) nor the between groups (0.40kg, p = 0.183) reached statistical significance. However, when the non-compliers from both the experimental and control group were removed, the self-weighers gained significantly less weight than the controls (0.59 kg (p = 0.048)). Analyses controlled for baseline weight, gender, ethnicity, age, education, marital status, weight change the year before the study, and baseline weighing frequency. Conclusion Compliers to daily self-weighing gained significantly less weight over two years than a matched group who did not self-weigh.

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“…In earlier general population studies, social support was the strongest predictor of mastery ( 3 ), and changes in mastery were predicted by baseline social support ( 27 ). The association between mastery and social support may be reciprocal, with perceived social support enhancing the sense of mastery, but mastery also increasing social engagement ( 67 ), using social resources effectively, or perception of stronger support when coping with stressful situations. Both mastery and social support are considered important resources in coping and resilience, which protect the individual when facing stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis—a one-year follow-up study

Lindgren,

Therman,

From

et al. 2023

Front. Psychiatry

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IntroductionA sense of mastery refers to beliefs about having control over one’s life and has been found to protect health and buffer the effect of stressful experiences.MethodsWe investigated sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and population controls at baseline and at one-year follow-up. Pearlin and Schooler’s Sense of Mastery scale was completed by 322 participants at baseline and by 184 participants at follow-up.ResultsPeople having experienced FEP reported lower mastery than controls at both time points, but a modest increase was seen in patients at follow-up. The strongest correlates of high baseline mastery in FEP were lower depressive symptoms and higher perceived social support, whereas positive or negative psychotic symptoms did not associate with mastery. Current depressive symptoms also correlated with mastery at the follow-up point, and change in depressive symptoms correlated with change in mastery. Higher mastery at treatment entry predicted remission of psychotic symptoms one year later. Sense of mastery was also found to mediate the association of perceived social support with depressive symptoms.DiscussionThe usefulness of mastery measures should be further tested for estimations of patient prognosis in early psychosis.

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Locus of control and subjective well-being: Panel evidence from Australia

Cited by 6 publications

References 59 publications

Does doctors’ personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys

Does doctors’ personality differ from those of patients, the highly educated and other caring professions? An observational study using two nationally representative Australian surveys

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Daily Self-Weighing to Prevent Age-Related Weight Gain

Sense of mastery in first-episode psychosis—a one-year follow-up study

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