Locus equations and coarticulation in three Australian languages

Graetzer, Simone; Fletcher, Janet; Hajek, John

doi:10.1121/1.4904488

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Emu 2.3.0 [10] and R 3.1.2 [11] were used for signal processing and statistical analysis. Detailed information about the relevant segmentation and formant estimation methods is reported elsewhere [12], [13]. Formant estimation at the midpoint of each vowel was carried out by means of a Linear Predictive Coding algorithm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperarticulation in short intonational phrases in three Australian languages

Graetzer¹,

Fletcher²,

Hajek³

2016

Speech Prosody 2016

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In Lindblom's Hyper-and Hypo-articulation (H & H) theory, speech varies between clear and less clear depending on the communicative context. Hyperarticulation is known to reflect prosodic boundary information and prosodic prominence or focus. The realisation of hyperarticulation appears to differ between languages. In this study of three Australian languages, it is asked whether, in pre-boundary position in short prosodic phrases, vowel lengthening tends to co-occur with acoustic evidence of hyperarticulation. Further, it is asked whether hyperarticulation is stronger in the pre-boundary syllable than in the post-boundary one. It is demonstrated that pre-boundary lengthening in short intonational phrases in Australian languages tends to co-occur with an increase in vowel peripherality.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperarticulation in short intonational phrases in three Australian languages

Graetzer¹,

Fletcher²,

Hajek³

2016

Speech Prosody 2016

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“…Comparisons between carryover and anticipatory coarticulation effects are highly complicated, as both effects co-occur at multiple levels at approximately the same time. Moreover, the specific biomechanical constraints and syllabic position of the speech sounds involved play a role that is not straightforward and appears to be language specific, that is, some studies report stronger perseveratory as compared to anticipatory coarticulation whereas other studies report opposite effects (Beddor, Harnsberger, & Lindemann, 2002;Graetzer, Fletcher, & Hajek, 2015; Table 5. Methodological details: acoustic spatiotemporal variability indices (Anderson et al, 2008;Cummins et al, 2014;Howell et al, 2009;van Brenk & Lowit, 2012).…”

Section: Coarticulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Review/Tutorial of Objective Measurement Techniques

Terband

Namasivayam

Maas

et al. 2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Background: With respect to the clinical criteria for diagnosing childhood apraxia of speech (commonly defined as a disorder of speech motor planning and/or programming), research has made important progress in recent years. Three segmental and suprasegmental speech characteristics-error inconsistency, lengthened and disrupted coarticulation, and inappropriate prosody-have gained wide acceptance in the literature for purposes of participant selection. However, little research has sought to empirically test the diagnostic validity of these features. One major obstacle to such empirical study is the fact that none of these features is stated in operationalized terms. Purpose: This tutorial provides a structured overview of perceptual, acoustic, and articulatory measurement procedures that have been used or could be used to operationalize and assess these 3 core characteristics. Methodological details are reviewed for each procedure, along with a short overview of research results reported in the literature. Conclusion: The 3 types of measurement procedures should be seen as complementary. Some characteristics are better suited to be described at the perceptual level (especially phonemic errors and prosody), others at the acoustic level (especially phonetic distortions, coarticulation, and prosody), and still others at the kinematic level (especially coarticulation, stability, and gestural coordination). The type of data collected determines, to a large extent, the interpretation that can be given regarding the underlying deficit. Comprehensive studies are needed that include more than 1 diagnostic feature and more than 1 type of measurement procedure. F rom a historical perspective, childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a controversial clinical entity, with respect to both clinical signs and underlying deficit. In 1981, Guyette and Diedrich had concluded that "…No pathognomonic symptoms or necessary and sufficient conditions were found for the diagnosis…" (p. 44) and critically termed CAS as "a label in search of a population" (p. 39). Despite clinical studies to further characterize CAS (e.g.,

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“…A preliminary investigation suggests that prosodic prominence does not affect the formant characteristics of vowels, nor are vowels lengthened in primary stressed versus unstressed syllables. Other effects of word-level prominence on a segment’s articulation and acoustic characteristics have not yet been explored in Djambarrpuyŋu, though Graetzer, Fletcher, and Hajek (2015) provide detailed results into consonant-vowel coarticulation in Gupapuyŋu.…”

Section: The Djambarrpuyŋu Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

Prosodically Conditioned Consonant Duration in Djambarrpuyŋu

2019

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Cross-linguistically, segments typically lengthen because of proximity to prosodic events such as intonational phrase or phonological phrase boundaries, a phrasal accent, or due to lexical stress. Australian Indigenous languages have been claimed to operate somewhat differently in terms of prosodically conditioned consonant lengthening and strengthening. Consonants have been found to lengthen after a vowel bearing a phrasal pitch accent. It is further claimed that this post-tonic position is a position of prosodic strength in Australian languages. In this study, we investigate the effects of proximity to a phrasal pitch accent and prosodic constituent boundaries on the duration of stop and nasal consonants in words of varying lengths in Djambarrpuyŋu, an Australian Indigenous language spoken in northeast Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia. Our results suggest that the post-tonic consonant position does not condition longer consonant duration compared with other word-medial consonants, with one exception: Intervocalic post-tonic consonants in disyllabic words are significantly longer than word-medial consonants elsewhere. Therefore, it appears that polysyllabic shortening has a strong effect on segment duration in these data. Word-initial position did not condition longer consonant duration than word-medial position. Further, initial consonants in higher-level prosodic domains had shorter consonant duration compared with domain-medial word-initial consonants. By contrast, domain-final lengthening was observed in our data, with word-final nasals preceding a pause found to be significantly longer than all other consonants. Taken together, these findings for Djambarrpuyŋu suggest that, unlike other Australian languages, post-tonic lengthening is not a cue to prosodic prominence, whereas prosodic domain-initial and -final duration patterns of consonants are like those that have been observed in other languages of the world.

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Locus equations and coarticulation in three Australian languages

Cited by 5 publications

References 48 publications

Hyperarticulation in short intonational phrases in three Australian languages

Hyperarticulation in short intonational phrases in three Australian languages

Assessment of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: A Review/Tutorial of Objective Measurement Techniques

Prosodically Conditioned Consonant Duration in Djambarrpuyŋu

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