“…3, the leaf nodes (blue nodes) are data points, the inner nodes (gray nodes) are signified as hashed data points, and the root node (red node) denotes the verifiable information, HM AC. The data characterizes the order relation in each layer; that is, the 3 , and d i,4 in layer 1 is with the descending order from d i,4 to d i,1 , and moreover, the second dimension of d i,1 , d i,2 , d i, 3 , and d i,4 is with the ascending order from d i,4 to d i,1 . Similarly, the order relations are still reserved in other layers.…”