Software rejuvenation is the concept of gracefully terminating an application and immediately restarting it at a clean internal state. In a client-server type of application where the server is intended to run perpetually for providing a service to its clients, rejuvenating the server process periodically during the most idle time of the server increases the availability of that service. In a long-running computation-intensive application, rejuvenating the application periodically and restarting it at a previous checkpoint increases the likelihood of successfully completing the application execution. We present a model f o r analyzing software rejuvenation in such continuously-running applicataons and express downtime and costs due to downtime during rejuvneation an t e r n s of the parameters in that model. Threshold conditions f o r rejuvenation to be beneficial are also derived. W e implemented a reusable module to perform software rejuvenation. That module can be embedded in any existing application on a UNIX platform with minimal efort. Experiences with software rejuvenation in a billing data collection subsystem of a telecommunications operations system and other continuouslyrunning systems and scientific applications in A T & T are described.

[1] The recent geoneutrino experimental results from KamLAND (Kamioka Liquid Scintillator Antineutrino Detector) and Borexino detectors reveal the usefulness of analyzing the Earth's geoneutrino flux, as it provides a constraint on the strength of the radiogenic heat power, and this, in turn, provides a test of compositional models of the bulk silicate Earth (BSE). This flux is dependent on the amount and distribution of heat-producing elements (HPEs: U, Th, and K) in the Earth's interior. We have developed a geophysically based, three-dimensional global reference model for the abundances and distributions of HPEs in the BSE. The structure and composition of the outermost portion of the Earth, the crust and underlying lithospheric mantle, are detailed in the reference model; this portion of the Earth has the greatest influence on the geoneutrino fluxes. The reference model combines three existing geophysical models of the global crust and yields an average crustal thickness of 34.4 AE 4.1 km in the continents and 8.0 AE 2.7 km in the oceans, and a total mass (in 10 22 kg) of oceanic, continental, and bulk crust is 0.67 AE 0.23, 2.06 AE 0.25, and 2.73 AE 0.48, respectively. In situ seismic velocity provided by CRUST 2.0 allows us to estimate the average composition of the deep continental crust by using new and updated compositional databases for amphibolite and granulite facies rocks in combination with laboratory ultrasonic velocities measurements. An updated xenolithic peridotite database is used to represent the average composition of continental lithospheric mantle. Monte Carlo simulation is used to predict the geoneutrino flux at 16 selected locations ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. 2003 and to track the asymmetrical uncertainties of radiogenic heat power due to the log-normal distributions of HPE concentrations in crustal rocks.

Water contents of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene in mantle peridotites from various xenolith occurrences in intraplate settings (both oceanic and continental) were determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The localities are as follow: Sal Island (Cape Verde Archipelago); Baker Rocks and Greene Point (Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica); Panshishan and Lianshan (Subei Basin, Eastern China). They represent well-known localities where detailed petrographical and geochemical studies have already been carried out or areas which are currently under investigation. The water incorporated in these pyroxenes is low (cpx, 37-399ppm; opx: 9-166ppm)(or very low as in Greene Point, Antarctica; cpx, 5-16ppm; opx: 9-16ppm) and, among each population, no clear correlation with melting parameters (MgO contents) in single mineral is evident. Results are compared with the available literature data on water contents in mantle pyroxene which includes peridotites from on-craton (hosted by kimberlitic-type magmas) and off-craton (hosted by alkaline basic magmas), as well as subarc mantle settings. The "relatively dry" (cpx: 140-528 ppm; opx: 38-280 ppm) sub-arc mantle xenoliths (Peslier et al., 2002) are shown to be wetter than the intraplate (off-craton) xenoliths. Cratonic mantle pyroxenes are only represented by a few determinations on garnet peridotites and eclogite from Kaapvaal and Colorado Plateau. They record the highest water contents (cpx: 342-1012 ppm; opx: 180-491 ppm) so far measured in mantle pyroxenes from various tectonic settings. Despite the limited data set, the indication that the cratonic mantle is strongly hydrated is compelling. Rehydration for the Colorado Plateau craton may be due to the Farallon plate subduction (Li et al., 2008), while for Kaapvaal Craton it might be related to young (<100Ma) metasomatic enrichments (Griffin et al., 2003a; Kobussen et al., 2008). If this is the case then the Archean mantle water content needs to be determined; this may be solved by analysing highly depleted unmetasomatized lithologies. However, assuming that the water content was initially very low, it is hard to believe that metasomatic events, similar to those observed in the intraplate settings studied in this work, would be able to produce a significant water content. According to literature and our own data it appears that water rehydration may substantially occur at convergent margins.

Checkpointing with rollback-recovery is a w ell known technique to reduce the completion time of a program in the presence of failures. While checkpointing is corrective in nature, rejuvenation refers to preventive maintenance of software aimed to reduce unexpected failures mostly resulting from the \aging" phenomenon. In this paper, we s h o w h o w both these techniques may be used together to further reduce the expected completion time of a program. The idea of using checkpoints to reduce the amount of rollback upon a failure is taken a step further by c o m bining it with rejuvenation. We derive the equations for expected completion time of a program with nite failure free running time for the following three cases when (a) neither checkpointing nor rejuvenation is employed, (b) only checkpointing is employed, and nally (c) both checkpointing and rejuvenation are employed. We also present n umerical results for Weibull failure time distribution for the above three cases and discuss optimal checkpointing and rejuvenation that minimizes the expected completion time. Using the numerical results, some interesting conclusions are drawn about bene ts of these techniques in relation to the nature of failure distribution.

We present comprehensive compositional and mineralogical results on two basaltic lunar meteorites Northwest Africa (NWA) 4734 and NWA 10597 to constrain their igneous mineralogy and metamorphic characteristics, and examine the potential pairing relationship among them and other meteorites (e.g., basaltic lunar meteorites collected from LaPaz Icefield, Antarctica (LAPs)). NWA 4734 and NWA 10597 are low‐Ti (3.2–3.5 wt.% TiO2), low‐Al (10–12 wt.% Al2O3), low‐K (880–1,300 ppm K) mare basalts derived from evolved parental magma (Mg# (molar Mg/[Mg + Fe] × 100) = 33.6–38.3) and are mostly composed of pyroxene (52.7–55.5 vol.%), plagioclase/maskelynite (27.5–29.3 vol.%), olivine (6.7–7.6 vol.%), and late‐formed components (i.e., mesostasis). Pyroxene and olivine in these two meteorites exhibit a multimodal compositional distribution, indicating multiple generations of these mafic minerals, which correspond to different evolution phases (e.g., magma chamber, ascending, and eruption) during the solidification of the basaltic parental magma. Immiscibility played an important role in the evolution of the late‐stage melts, inducing fractionation involving Fe‐rich and Si, K‐rich melts within mesostasis. Considering the extensive partial transformation of plagioclase to maskelynite across the sections, the average shock pressure endured by NWA 4734 and NWA 10597 is probably 23–29 GPa, which is consistent with the pressure condition (below 29.8 GPa) recorded by quartz. Similar textures, bulk composition, modal mineral proportions, and mineral compositions indicate that NWA 4734, NWA 10597, and the LAPs most likely originated from the same region of the Moon and both experienced intensive shock events.

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Active operating system fingerprinting is the process of actively determining a target network system's underlying operating system type and characteristics by probing the target system network stack with specifically crafted packets and analyzing received response. Identifying the underlying operating system of a network host is an important characteristic that can be used to complement network inventory processes, intrusion detection system discovery mechanisms, security network scanners, vulnerability analysis systems and other security tools that need to evaluate vulnerabilities on remote network systems.During recent years there was a number of publications featuring techniques that aim to confuse or defeat remote network fingerprinting probes.In this paper we present a new version Xprobe2, the network mapping and active operating system fingerprinting tool with improved probing process, which deals with most of the defeating techniques, discussed in recent literature.

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