Locating PHEV Exchange Stations in V2G

Abstract

Abstract-Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are an environmentally friendly technology that is expected to rapidly penetrate the transportation system. Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received considerable attention as clean power options for future generation expansion. However, these sources are intermittent and increase the uncertainty in the ability to generate power. The deployment of PHEVs in a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system provide a potential mechanism for reducing the variability of renewable energy sources. For example, PHEV supporting infrastructures like battery exchange stations that provide battery service to PHEV customers could be used as storage devices to stabilize the grid when renewable energy production is fluctuating. In this paper, we study how to best site these stations in terms of how they can support both the transportation system and the power grid. To model this problem we develop a two-stage stochastic program to optimally locate the stations prior to the realization of battery demands, loads, and generation capacity of renewable power sources. We develop two test cases to study the benefits and the performance of these systems.

A Cost-Efficient Communication Framework for Battery-Switch-Based Electric Vehicle Charging

“…• Where to deploy CSs (providing either plug-in charging or battery switch service [3]) such that EVs can access CSs within their driving ranges. Besides, the capabilities of CSs to handle peak demands are taken into account, due to different number of EV arrivals at different times.…”

“…Traditional plug-in recharging is accomplished by plugging EVs into charging slots (set by CSs placed at different city locations). In contrast, at the CS providing the battery switch service [3], the automated switch platform switches the depleted battery from an EV, with a fully charged battery it maintains. The depleted battery is placed and recharged so that it can be used by other EV drivers.…”

“…200 EVs with [30 ∼ 50] km/h variable moving speed are initialized in the network. The configuration of EVs follows the charging specification (maximum electricity capacity, max travelling distance: 16.4 kWh, 140 km) of Hyundai BlueOn EV 3 , and we set SOC ranging from 15% to 45% for all EVs.…”

“…The time and efforts spent for seeking available CSs over the city, and waiting in the service queue would bring uncomfortable and anxious driving experience for EV drivers. A promising alternative approach to the traditional charging service, the battery switch service [3], can replace a fully charged battery for an EV within several minutes, by using industrial automation robots.…”

Toward Anycasting-Driven Reservation System for Electric Vehicle Battery Switch Service

“…The time and efforts spent for seeking available CSs over the city, and waiting in the service queue would bring uncomfortable and anxious driving experience for EV drivers. In contrast to the plug-in charging technology, as a promising alternative approach, the battery switch service [15]- [17], has the potential to replace a fully charged battery for parked EV, just within several minutes. This envisions for an elaborate industrial automation robots to execute fast battery switch.…”