A Cost-Efficient Communication Framework for Battery-Switch-Based Electric Vehicle Charging

Abstract

Abstract-Charging management for Electric Vehicles (EVs) on-the-move has become an increasingly important research problem in smart cities. Major technical challenges include the selection of Charging Stations (CSs) to guide charging plans, and the design of cost-efficient communication infrastructure between the power grid and EVs. In this article, we first present a brief review on state-of-the-art EV charging management schemes. Next, by incorporating battery switch technology to enable fast charging service, a Publish/Subscribe (P/S) communication framework is provisioned to support the EV charging service. Upon that, we develop a fully distributed charging management scheme with the consideration of urban travel uncertainties, e.g., traffic congestions and drivers' preferences. This would benefit from low privacy sensitivity, as EVs' status information will not be released through management. Results demonstrate a guidance for the provisioning of P/S communication framework to improve EV drivers' experience, e.g., charging waiting time and total trip duration. Also, the benefit of P/S communication framework is reflected in terms of the communication efficiency. Open research issues of this emerging area are also presented.

Toward Anycasting-Driven Reservation System for Electric Vehicle Battery Switch Service

“…In contrast, at the CSs providing the battery switch service [15], the automated platform switches the depleted batteries from EVs, with a fully charged battery maintained by CSs. 2 Our preliminary work [17] has proposed the first work enabling battery switch for ICT enabling Electro-mobility, study shows the advantage of that over traditional plug-in charging system for CS-selection." [17] has not been adequately made.…”

“…2 Our preliminary work [17] has proposed the first work enabling battery switch for ICT enabling Electro-mobility, study shows the advantage of that over traditional plug-in charging system for CS-selection." [17] has not been adequately made. Further to above motivation for provisioning of battery switch through a decentralized way, there has not been previous work brings the benefit of IoV with anycasting nature for EVs' reservations delivery.…”

“…All EVs' batteries are with full volume at beginning. Besides, 7 CSs are provided with sufficient electric energy and 30 charging slots through entire simulation, using the charging rate of 10 kW (using the constant charging power in our work can refer to many previous works on common CS-selection schemes e.g, [10]- [12], [17]). 30 fully charged batteries are initially set for each CS.…”

“…The time and efforts spent for seeking available CSs over the city, and waiting in the service queue would bring uncomfortable and anxious driving experience for EV drivers. In contrast to the plug-in charging technology, as a promising alternative approach, the battery switch service [15]- [17], has the potential to replace a fully charged battery for parked EV, just within several minutes. This envisions for an elaborate industrial automation robots to execute fast battery switch.…”

“…• Enabling Reservation for Battery Switch Service (Centralized System): In order to minimize the waiting time for battery switch as well as balance the demand load among CSs, we jointly consider the battery switch/charging procedure locally operated at CSs as already taken by [17], and reservations delivered from EVs investigated in this article. Such anticipated information together with the local status of CSs are recorded by the GA, to estimate the future status of CSs (e.g., the expected number of switchable batteries and expected waiting time for switch).…”