Locating delaminations in laminated composite beams using nonlinear guided waves

Abstract

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Second harmonic generation at fatigue cracks by low-frequency Lamb waves: Experimental and numerical studies

“…The generation of higher harmonics involves various non-linear phenomena. However, recent studies have primarily focused on the investigations of the higher harmonic generation due to nonlinear elasticity [24] and contact nonlinearity [35] [36].…”

A Survey of Scrutinizing Delaminated Composites via Various Categories of Sensing Apparatus

“…Upon nonlinear effects, higher spectral harmonics emerged due to non-classical contact nonlinearity being predominant at delamination, and their temporal data in the A 0 Lamb wave have been applied to delaminated composite laminates [56][57][58]. Selecting the A 0 mode instead of S 0 was attributed to the following reasons; (a) the S 0 mode is faster, resulting in complexity in arrival time measurement; (b) the A 0 mode has a larger transverse displacement amplitude, being perpendicular to the delamination surface, thereby offering a better correlation in producing higher harmonics; (c) the S 0 mode has a non-flat velocity dispersion curve at the frequency range used, thus emerging higher harmonics with different velocities than the first harmonic.…”

Second-order harmonic generation of Lamb wave in prestressed plates

“…There are many phenomena associated with non-linear guided waves, which can be utilised for the damage and stress evaluation. These phenomena include the generation of higher-order harmonics [26]- [28] and sidebands [29], [30]. According to the recent review of Jhang [31], the non-linearity mainly arise from two sources, material non-linearity, and contact non-linearity due to presence of contact-type defects or damage.…”