Second harmonic generation at fatigue cracks by low-frequency Lamb waves: Experimental and numerical studies

Yang, Yi; Ng, Ching‐Tai; Kotousov, Andrei; Sohn, Hoon; Lim, Hyung Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.07.011

Cited by 115 publications

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“…In the literature, a number of techniques were developed to compensate the error due to unavoidable variations in temperature and loading conditions during operation and inspections [35], [36]. Alternatively, some researchers have suggested the nonlinear methods for the damage detection, which do not need a reference signal [37]- [39].…”

Section: Structural Health Monitoring Using Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element prediction of acoustoelastic effect associated with Lamb wave propagation in pre-stressed plates

Yang

Mohabuth

et al. 2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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The paper presents outcomes of a finite element (FE) study of acoustoelastic effect associated with Lamb wave propagation in plates subjected to homogeneous bi-axial and bending stresses.In particular, the change of the phase velocity of the fundamental Lamb wave modes is obtained for different stress levels, bi-axial stress ratios and wave propagation angles. A comparison of the obtained numerical results with an analytical solution demonstrates a very good agreement.Moreover, the influence of bending stress on the wave velocities and wave front profile is further investigated numerically. There are currently no analytical results for this case. The developed and validated FE modelling approach can help to address several issues in the current non-destructive inspections including: in the investigation of changing stress conditions on the defect detection as well as in an adaptation of the existing Lamb wave-based defect evaluation systems to monitoring of stress too. The latter may have many benefits from sharing the same hardware for the purpose of maintaining structural integrity of thin-walled structural components. . Acoustoelastic effect of Lamb wave propagationAcoustoelastic effect is defined as the effect of the applied stress on the wave propagation in a media. It has been studied since the development of the finite deformation theory by Murnaghan [40], who formulated the material nonlinearity using third order elastic constants. Some pioneering studies in this area include the research of Hughes and Kelly [41], who derived equations relating the wave velocity to the applied stress and experimentally measured the acoustoelastic effect. Another experimental study of Egle and Bray [42] demonstrated how to obtain higher-order elastic constants from experiments with bulk waves. In the literature, many developments and studies in the acoustoelasticity mainly focused on and utilised bulk waves (Pau and Scalea [43]). The acoustoelastic effect is usually quantified = (20) So, equation (19), with the energy function presented in equation (16) can be translated to, ¬ = J -. © © = J -. © © © = J -. %)( ) % ©where T is the second Piola-Kirchhoff (PK2) stress. The stress in VUMAT must be updated with the equation at the end ( + ∆ ) of an integration step and stored in stressNew(i), based on the values of F and U given in the subroutine at the end of previous step ( ). Numerical Case Studies 3D Finite Element ModelA 3D FE model of a 6061-T6 aluminium plate was developed with ABAQUS software and the wave propagation problem was solved by the explicit integration approach [49]. The materialproperties of the 6061-T6 aluminium are listed in Table 1. The thickness of the plate is 3.2mm and the in-plane dimension is 240mm×240mm. The element type used in the model is the 8-

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Section: Structural Health Monitoring Using Guided Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element prediction of acoustoelastic effect associated with Lamb wave propagation in pre-stressed plates

Yang

Mohabuth

et al. 2019

Smart Mater. Struct.

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“…As a result, the compression part of the wave can pass through the crack, while the tensile part cannot, and a nearly half-wave rectification of the waveform occurs after the wave passes through the crack 45 . Previous studies proved the ability of using nonlinear guided waves, typically higher harmonic generation, to detect delamination and fatigue cracks [46][47][48][49] . Soleimanpour et al 48 investigated the higher harmonic generation of A0 guided wave at a delamination in composite beams.…”

Section: Nonlinear Guided Wave Induced By Contact Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both experiments and FE simulations were used to provide physical insights into the higher harmonic generation due to delaminations with sizes and locations. Yang et al 49 investigated the second harmonic generation in an aluminium plate with a fatigue crack. They found that S0 guided wave is more sensitive to the fatigue crack than A0 mode, and it can generate larger magnitude of second harmonic.…”

Section: Nonlinear Guided Wave Induced By Contact Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this study investigates the second harmonic generation due to the interaction of guided wave at crack-induced debonding. In this study, three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) simulation, which was proved to be capable of providing a reliable prediction on both linear 48 and nonlinear 49 guided wave features at the damages in structures, is used to gain physical insights into the higher harmonic generation phenomenon. This study indicates the feasibility of using second harmonic generation in monitoring the propagation of fatigue crack and debonding in the FRP strengthened metallic plate.…”

Section: Nonlinear Guided Wave Induced By Contact Nonlinearitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Second Harmonic Generation of Guided Wave at Crack-Induced Debonding in FRP-Strengthened Metallic Plates

Yang

Kotousov

2018

Int. J. Str. Stab. Dyn.

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The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has been widely recognized to be an effective and economical way to strengthen existing structures or repair damaged structures for extending their service life. This study investigates the feasibility of using nonlinear guided wave to monitor crack-induced debonding in FRP-strengthened metallic plates. The study focusses on investigating the nonlinear guided wave interaction with the crack-induced debonding. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the crack-induced debonding in the FRP-strengthened metallic plates. The performance of using fundamental symmetric ([Formula: see text] and anti-symmetric ([Formula: see text] modes of guided wave as incident wave in the second harmonic generation at the crack-induced debonding is investigated in detail. It is found that the amplitude of the second harmonic and its variation with different damage sizes are very different when using [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] guided wave as the incident wave, respectively. The results suggest that it is possible to detect potential damage and distinguish its type based on the features of the generated second harmonic.

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“…These advantages make them to be one of the most promising damage detection methods. In the literature, different damage detection methods have been developed used the guided wave [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of central and non-central frequency components on the quality of damage imaging

Pudipeddi

Kotousov

2017

J Civil Struct Health Monit

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Second harmonic generation at fatigue cracks by low-frequency Lamb waves: Experimental and numerical studies

Abstract: After the embargo period • via non-commercial hosting platforms such as their institutional repository • via commercial sites with which Elsevier has an agreement Second harmonic generation at fatigue cracks by low-frequency Lamb waves: experimental and numerical studies

Cited by 115 publications

References 50 publications

Finite element prediction of acoustoelastic effect associated with Lamb wave propagation in pre-stressed plates

Finite element prediction of acoustoelastic effect associated with Lamb wave propagation in pre-stressed plates

Second Harmonic Generation of Guided Wave at Crack-Induced Debonding in FRP-Strengthened Metallic Plates

Effect of central and non-central frequency components on the quality of damage imaging

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