Locating and eliminating feral swine from a large area of fragmented mixed forest and agriculture habitats in north-central USA

Engeman, Richard M.; Wilson, Bradley E.; Beckerman, Scott F.; Fischer, Justin W.; Dufford, Doug; Cobban, James Bryan

doi:10.1007/s11356-018-3702-7

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Eradication of isolated feral pig populations has occasionally been achieved through intense drive hunting with dogs conducted over a number of years, with or without the use of other methods such as trapping or shooting from helicopters (Katahira et al, 1993). This was confirmed in the recent review by Engeman et al (2019).…”

Section: • Recreational Huntingsupporting

confidence: 72%

Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2018 to October 2019)

Anette¹,

Anette²,

Theodora³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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This report provides an update of the epidemiology of African swine fever (ASF) in the European Union during the period November 2018 to October 2019. In this period, ASF has been confirmed in Slovakia, whereas Czechia became officially ASF-free in March 2019, bringing the number of affected countries in the EU to nine. The report provides a narrative update of the situation in the different countries and an analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns of the disease. There has been no increase in the proportion of seropositive hunted wild boar in the affected areas. In hunted animals, the proportions of wild boar testing polymerase chain reaction-positive and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive has remained low (< 0.05). In addition to the obvious seasonal peak in summer in domestic pigs, seasonality of ASF in wild boar was statistically confirmed. A network analysis demonstrated that the median velocity of the natural propagation of the disease in wild boar populations was between 2.9 and 11.7 km/year. Human-mediated spread, both in pigs and wild boar, however, remains important. Several wild boar-and domestic pig-related risk factors for ASF occurrence in non-commercial farms in Romania were identified with a case-control study. This report also updates an extensive literature review on control measures to stop the spread of the disease in wild boar and on measures to separate wild boar populations. Several new studies have been identified in this reporting period, but these did not alter the conclusions of the previous reporting period. Field experience with the use of fences as part of the control strategy deployed in the Belgian focal outbreak of ASF in wild boar is described. So far, the measures have proven effective to keep ASF virus inside the affected area. This strategy included a combination of different measures, namely zoning, carcass removal, a complete feeding ban, specific hunting regulations and depopulation actions depending on the zone, a partial ban of people and logging, and setting up a network of concentric fences.

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Section: • Recreational Huntingsupporting

confidence: 72%

Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2018 to October 2019)

Anette¹,

Anette²,

Theodora³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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“…As a population dwindles the low density of remaining individuals reduces the probability of detecting an animal and is exacerbated by the heightened wariness of surviving animals (e.g. Engeman et al, 2019). Besides trapping, a variety of other control methods were integrated for removing feral swine, including the use of aircraft, nighttime sharpshooting (including over simulated turtle nests), public hunts, and privately contracted hunters using dogs, with this latter method valuable for removing a large proportion of the final individuals.…”

Section: Feral Swine Removal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feral swine harming insular sea turtle reproduction: The origin, impacts, behavior and elimination of an invasive species

Engeman¹,

Byrd

Dozier

et al. 2019

Acta Oecologica

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Feral swine are among the world's most destructive invasive species wherever they are found, with translocations figuring prominently in their range expansions. In contrast, sea turtles are beloved species that are listed as threatened or endangered throughout the world and are the focus of intense conservation efforts. Nest predation by feral swine severely harms sea turtle reproduction in many locations around the world. Here we quantify and economically assess feral swine nest predation at North Island, South Carolina, an important loggerhead sea turtle nesting beach. Feral swine depredation of North Island sea turtle nests was first detected in 2005, with annual nest monitoring initiated in 2010 documenting nearly total losses to feral swine in 2010 and 2011. The cumulative valuation of annual losses for North Island from 2010 to 2016 ranged as high as $1,166,500. To improve nesting success, an integrated approach for eliminating feral swine was implemented in 2010 and greatly intensified in 2013 by adding federal experts. Removal efforts were challenging due to the island's remoteness and impenetrable habitats, weather, hazards in accessing the island, and wariness of the animals, especially as their population diminished. Removal of the final 11 swine required efforts from 2014 to 2016. Nest predation was highly variable and provided another example of the significance of conditioning by feral swine to sea turtle nests on the consequent severity of nest predation. Even the final individual inflicted heavy losses before his removal. Genetic analyses of feral swine removed from North Island and the adjacent mainland revealed that the island's population did not originate from the nearby mainland, meaning they were (illegally) introduced to the island.

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“…Aerial shooting only occurred in February and March 2014. By this time the remaining wild pigs were difficult to locate and attract to bait sites; aerial shooting was believed to be the most efficient removal technique for this situation 12 . The IDNR and Wildlife Services regularly communicated with landowners for access to private properties, and estimated that landowners removed very few (i.e., < 5) wild pigs throughout the entire elimination program, thus landowner removals were not included in further analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wild pigs cause millions of dollars in damage annually 5 – 7 , negatively affecting native habitats, endangered species, agricultural crop and livestock production, and transmitting diseases 1 , 8 , 9 . To counter these negative impacts, state (e.g., Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Missouri Department of Conservation) and federal (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA-APHIS)) resource management agencies have implemented wild pig damage management programs 10 – 12 . The primary goal of these programs is to minimize ecological and economical damage inflicted by wild pigs, which often necessitates lethal removal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We considered this an exploratory case study because we evaluated removal data after all removals were completed. Throughout the entire elimination program, federal and state officials removed 376 wild pigs by trapping, ground shooting, and aerial shooting, being persistent until the last known wild pigs were removed from Fulton County 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors and costs associated with removal of a newly established population of invasive wild pigs in Northern U.S.

Fischer

Snow

Wilson

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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the human-mediated spread of exotic and invasive species often leads to unintentional and harmful consequences. invasive wild pigs (Sus scrofa) are one such species that have been repeatedly translocated throughout the United States and cause extensive damage to natural ecosystems, threatened and endangered species, agricultural resources, and private lands. In 2005, a newly established population of wild pigs was confirmed in Fulton County, Illinois, U.S. In 2011, a statewide wild pig damage management program involving federal, state, and local government authorities directed a concerted effort to remove wild pigs from the county until the last wild pig (of 376 total) was successfully removed in 2016. We examined surveillance data from camera traps at bait sites and records of wild pig removals during this elimination program to identify environmental and anthropogenic factors that optimized removal of this population. our results revealed that wild pigs used bait sites most during evening and nocturnal periods and on days with lower daily maximum temperatures. increased removals of wild pigs coincided with periods of cold weather. We also identified that fidelity and time spent at bait sites by wild pigs was not influenced by increasing removals of wild pigs. Finally, the costs to remove wild pigs averaged $50 per wild pig (6.8 effort hours per wild pig) for removing the first 99% of the animals. Cost for removing the last 1% increased 84-fold, and averaged 122.8 effort hours per wild pig removed. Our results demonstrated that increased effort in removing wild pigs using bait sites should be focused during periods of environmental stress to maximize removal efficiency. These results inform elimination programs attempting to remove newly established populations of wild pigs, and ultimately prevent population and geographic expansion. There has been a dramatic surge in invasive wild pig (Sus scrofa) populations, geographic range, and ecological and economic impact in the United States over the last three decades 1-4. Wild pigs cause millions of dollars in damage annually 5-7 , negatively affecting native habitats, endangered species, agricultural crop and livestock production, and transmitting diseases 1,8,9. To counter these negative impacts, state (e.g.,

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Locating and eliminating feral swine from a large area of fragmented mixed forest and agriculture habitats in north-central USA

Abstract: , "Locating and eliminating feral swine from a large area of fragmented mixed forest and agriculture habitats in north-central USA" (2019).

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2018 to October 2019)

Epidemiological analyses of African swine fever in the European Union (November 2018 to October 2019)

Feral swine harming insular sea turtle reproduction: The origin, impacts, behavior and elimination of an invasive species

Factors and costs associated with removal of a newly established population of invasive wild pigs in Northern U.S.

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