Localized Tufts of Fibrils on<i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>NCTC 11047 Are Comprised of the Accumulation-Associated Protein

Banner, M.; Cunniffe, J.; Macintosh, Robin L.; Foster, Timothy J.; Rohde, Holger; Mack, Dietrich; Hoyes, Emmy; Derrick, Jeremy P.; Upton, Mathew; Handley, Pauline S.

doi:10.1128/jb.00952-06

Cited by 78 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…56,64 As bacterial pili collide with and sample the substrata during incubation, the mechanical resistance of the material to pili retraction would increase with increasing substrata stiffness; this stabilization on stiffer substrata could increase the lifetime of pili-substrata interactions during the fast step of bacterial two-stage binding kinetics. 22 S. epidermidis and E. coli possess several glycosylated substructures at both the pili and the extracellular capsule 22,50,51 that are known to form attachments to materials and are capable of complex interactions similar to those observed in other bacterial species reported to form pili catch-bonds. Thorough consideration of this and other proposed mechanisms of this mechanoselective adhesion is the focus of ongoing work.…”

Section: Mechanoselective Adhesion Is Also Exhibited Bymentioning

confidence: 96%

Substrata Mechanical Stiffness Can Regulate Adhesion of Viable Bacteria

et al. 2008

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The competing mechanisms that regulate adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and subsequent biofilm formation remain unclear, though nearly all studies have focused on the role of physical and chemical properties of the material surface. Given the large monetary and health costs of medical-device colonization and hospital-acquired infections due to bacteria, there is considerable interest in better understanding of material properties that can limit bacterial adhesion and viability. Here we employ weak polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) thin films comprised of poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), assembled over a range of conditions, to explore the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of material surfaces controlling adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria and subsequent colony growth. Although it is increasingly appreciated that eukaryotic cells possess subcellular structures and biomolecular pathways to sense and respond to local chemomechanical environments, much less is known about mechanoselective adhesion of prokaryotes such as these bacteria. We find that adhesion of viable S. epidermidis correlates positively with the stiffness of these polymeric substrata, independently of the roughness, interaction energy, and charge density of these materials. Quantitatively similar trends observed for wild-type and actin analogue mutant Escherichia coli suggest that these results are not confined to only specific bacterial strains, shapes, or cell envelope types. These results indicate the plausibility of mechanoselective adhesion mechanisms in prokaryotes and suggest that mechanical stiffness of substrata materials represents an additional parameter that can regulate adhesion of and subsequent colonization by viable bacteria.

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Section: Mechanoselective Adhesion Is Also Exhibited Bymentioning

confidence: 96%

Substrata Mechanical Stiffness Can Regulate Adhesion of Viable Bacteria

et al. 2008

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“…This capacity could explain how proteins contribute to the aggregation step of biofilm development. A very recent publication has in fact demonstrated that the formation of fibril-like structures on the S. epidermidis surface is dependent on Aap (Banner et al 2007). …”

Section: Maturationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Biofilms

Otto

2008

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

688

686

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Staphylococcus epidermidis and S. aureus are the most frequent causes of nosocomial infections and infections on indwelling medical devices, which characteristically involve biofilms. Recent advances in staphylococcal molecular biology have provided more detailed insight into the basis of biofilm formation in these opportunistic pathogens. A series of surface proteins mediate initial attachment to host matrix proteins, which is followed by the expression of a cationic glucosamine-based exopolysaccharide that aggregates the bacterial cells. In some cases, proteins may function as alternative aggregating substances. Furthermore, surfactant peptides have now been recognized as key factors involved in generating the 3-dimensional structure of a staphylococcal biofilm by cellcell disruptive forces, which eventually may lead to the detachment of entire cell clusters. Transcriptional profiling experiments have defined the specific physiology of staphylococcal biofilms and demonstrated that biofilm resistance to antimicrobials is due to gene-regulated processes. Finally, novel animal models of staphylococcal biofilm-associated infection have given us important information on which factors define biofilm formation in vivo. These recent advances constitute an important basis for the development of anti-staphylococcal drugs and vaccines.

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“…Recently, Banner et al (2007) demonstrated and correlated the presence of localized tufts on the surface of S. epidermidis strain NCTC 11047 with the presence of Aap. It is possible that these fimbril tufts, along with Aap, enhance biofilm production by binding PIA, increasing intercellular adhesion and thus allowing the rapid accumulation of cells.…”

Section: Atle and Aapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates associated with device-related meningitis

Stevens

Greene

O’Gara

et al. 2009

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm causes device-related meningitis in neurosurgical patients. This study assessed the contribution of polysaccharide and protein to the development of a strong biofilm-positive phenotype in four S. epidermidis isolates associated with probable device-related meningitis, under varying environmental conditions. RT-PCR analysis of the intercellular adhesion operon (icaADBC) and assessment of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) production indicated a correlation between increased icaA transcription and PIA production in ica + isolates grown in medium with 4 % ethanol and 4 % NaCl. Treatment of biofilm with sodium metaperiodate caused dispersion of adhered cells (P ,0.0001), indicating involvement of PIA. Transcriptional levels of protein factors revealed that atlE transcription levels were similar in all isolates, whilst aap levels were variable, with induction being seen in two isolates following growth in the presence of alcohol or salt. Transcription of agr did not influence protein expression and RNAIII transcription varied among the strains. Although aap transcription was induced, the treatment of biofilm with proteinase K did not always disperse the biofilm. Our data suggest that, among the three ica + S. epidermidis isolates clinically associated with meningitis that were studied, PIA contributed to the strong biofilm-positive phenotype, whereas protein factors appeared to have a secondary role. INTRODUCTIONSuccessful treatment and prevention of hydrocephalus, a common neurosurgical condition, often involves the insertion of an external ventricular drain (EVD) or a shunt. However, this can be complicated by infections such as meningitis, often caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), with Staphylococcus epidermidis being isolated most frequently (Diaz-Mitoma et al., 1987). Mounting evidence suggests that such infections are a result of biofilm formation on the device (Diaz-Mitoma et al., 1987;Tojo et al., 1988;Kockro et al., 2000).Staphylococcal biofilm formation involves both host and bacterial factors. Early investigations have shown that production of polysaccharide is a primary mechanism employed by S. epidermidis (Peters et al., 1987;Tojo et al., 1988; Christensen et al., 1990;Mack et al., 1992). The polysaccharide is a polymeric homoglycan consisting of repeating units of b-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine (Mack et al., 1996; McKenney et al., 1998;Maira-Litran et al., 2002;Sadovskaya et al., 2005), termed polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). Synthesis of PIA is linked to the biosynthetic enzyme-coding genes located in the intercellular adhesion operon (icaADBC) (Heilmann et al., 1996), and biofilm production involving PIA is known to be ica-dependent and is considered the primary mechanism employed by staphylococci (Stevens et al., 2008).Other ica-independent mechanisms of biofilm development in staphylococci have been identified and protein factors such as the major cell-wall autolysin (AtlE) have been found to promote the initial adhesion of S. epiderm...

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Localized Tufts of Fibrils onStaphylococcus epidermidisNCTC 11047 Are Comprised of the Accumulation-Associated Protein

Cited by 78 publications

References 57 publications

Substrata Mechanical Stiffness Can Regulate Adhesion of Viable Bacteria

Substrata Mechanical Stiffness Can Regulate Adhesion of Viable Bacteria

Staphylococcal Biofilms

Biofilm characteristics of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates associated with device-related meningitis

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