Localized Functionalization of Single Nanopores

Nilsson, Joakim; Lee, Jonathan R. I.; Ratto, Timothy V.; Létant, Sonia E.

doi:10.1002/adma.200501991

Cited by 105 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…21 Structures studied had a low aspect ratio (~1), thus the diameter and the length of the pores were comparable. The shape of the pores was approximated as a cylinder.…”

Section: Sin Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Properties of Rectifying Nanopores

Powell

Davenport

et al. 2011

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Ion currents through three types of rectifying nanoporous structures are studied and compared for the first time: conically shaped polymer nanopores, glass nanopipettes, and silicon nitride nanopores. Time signals of ion currents are analyzed by power spectrum. We focus on the low-frequency range where the power spectrum magnitude scales with frequency, f, as 1/f. Glass nanopipettes and polymer nanopores exhibit non-equilibrium 1/f noise, thus the normalized power spectrum depends on the voltage polarity and magnitude. In contrast, 1/f noise in rectifying silicon nitride nanopores is of equilibrium character. Various mechanisms underlying the voltagedependent 1/f noise are explored and discussed, including intrinsic pore wall dynamics, and formation of vortices and non-linear flow patterns in the pore. Experimental data are supported by modeling of ion currents based on the coupled Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier Stokes equations. We conclude that the voltage-dependent 1/f noise observed in polymer and glass asymmetric nanopores might result from high and asymmetric electric fields inducing secondary effects in the pore such as enhanced water dissociation.2

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“…21 Structures studied had a low aspect ratio (~1), thus the diameter and the length of the pores were comparable. The shape of the pores was approximated as a cylinder.…”

Section: Sin Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Properties of Rectifying Nanopores

Powell

Davenport

et al. 2011

J. Phys. Chem. C

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“…A small variation in the membrane thickness [19] or a small instability in the beam current can result in a pore that is either too shallow or too wide. Contrary to the methods in which a wide pore is shrunk by successive processing steps [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28], our method is based upon one single processing step. Techniques that are based on surface-tension-driven mass flow, such as ion beam sculpting [16] and electron beam induced drilling [17], have produced pores with diameters as small as 2 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast single-step fabrication of nanopores

Chen¹,

Wu²,

Salemink³

et al. 2008

Nanotechnology

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We report a new method for the fabrication of sub-10 nm nanopores in a fast single process step. The pore formation is accomplished by exploiting the competition between sputtering and deposition in ion-beam-induced deposition (IBID) on a thin membrane. The pore diameter can be controlled by adjusting the ion beam and gas exposure conditions. The pore diameter is well below the limit that can be achieved by focused ion beam (FIB) milling alone. There is no need of preparation and successive treatments. Apart from simplicity and speed, this method offers an additional advantage of a broad choice of material and thickness of the deposit and the membrane.

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“…Liquid phase silane based chemistries are the most commonly used technique to functionalize individual nanopores in such insulating membranes. [84,115] While these surface chemistries have been characterized in detail on planar surfaces, questions still remain as to the exact packing density, molecular orientation and thickness of SAM's in a highly confined environment that is a nanopore. In addition, nanopores formed via TEM decompositional sputtering processes typically exhibit high surface roughness, high surface curvature and a non-stoichiometric material composition due to selective material sputtering, as observed in SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 nanopores, [78,116] further complicating the nanopore functionalization process.…”

Section: Hybrid Biological/solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One such method involves the localized deposition of a tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) based oxide ring around the nanopore. [115] A focused ion beam was used to decompose the TEOS precursor near the Si nanopore surface, attractive to anionic dsDNA. [119] The resulting strong electrostatic polymer-pore interactions enabled the detection of short dsDNA molecules, typically under the detection limits of conventional solid state nanopore sensors.…”

Section: Hybrid Biological/solid-state Nanoporesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid-State Nanopore Sensors for Nucleic Acid Analysis

Venkatesan

Bashir

2011

Nanopores

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Nanopore DNA analysis is an emerging technique that involves electrophoretically driving DNA molecules through a nano-scale pore in solution and monitoring the corresponding change in ionic pore current. This versatile approach permits the label-free, amplification-free analysis of charged polymers (single stranded DNA, double stranded DNA and RNA) ranging in length from single nucleotides to kilobase long genomic DNA fragments with subnanometer resolution.Recent advances in nanopores suggest that this low-cost, highly scalable technology could lend itself to the development of third generation DNA sequencing technologies, promising rapid and reliable sequencing of the human diploid genome for under $1000.Here, we report the development of versatile, nano-manufactured Al 2 O 3 solid-state nanopores and nanopore arrays for rapid, label-free, single-molecule detection and analysis of DNA and protein. This nano-scale technology has proven to be reliable, affordable, and mass producible, and allows for integration with VLSI processes. A detailed characterization of nanopore performance in terms of electrical noise, mechanical robustness and materials analysis is provided, and the functionality of this technology in experimental DNA biophysics is explored.A framework for the application of this technology to medical diagnostics and sequencing is also presented. Specifically, studies involved the detection of DNA-protein complexes, a viable strategy in screening methylation patterns in panels of genes for early cancer detection, and the creation of lipid bilayer coated nanopore sensors, useful in creating hybrid biological/solid-state nanopores for DNA sequencing applications.The concept of a gated nanopore is also presented with preliminary results. The fabrication of this novel system has been enabled by the recent discovery of graphene, a highly versatile material with remarkable electrical and mechanical properties. Direct modulation of the nanopore conductance was observed through the application of potentials to the graphene gate.These exciting results suggest this technology could potentially be useful in slowing down or trapping a DNA molecule in the pore, thereby enabling solid-state nanopore sequencing.iii

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Localized Functionalization of Single Nanopores

Cited by 105 publications

References 19 publications

Noise Properties of Rectifying Nanopores

Noise Properties of Rectifying Nanopores

Fast single-step fabrication of nanopores

Solid-State Nanopore Sensors for Nucleic Acid Analysis

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