Local Rice Genotypes of Tana Toraja and North Toraja Regencies: Kinship Relations and Character Interaction

Abstract

Tree, The Regency of Tana Toraja and North Toraja, are two regencies in the Province of South Sulawesi where even though both are not the center of rice crop development, but in both regencies we can find many cultivated local rice genotypes. This study aims to determine the relationship between local rice genotypes found in the two regencies based on panicle and grain characteristics and the correlation between these characters. The characters observed are panicle length, grains number per panicle, panicle density, awn length, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight. Results showed that 49 local rice genotypes were found (27 local rice genotypes from Tana Toraja regency and 22 local rice genotypes from North Toraja regency) with various rice colors, i.e. from white to purple. These local rice genotypes can be grouped into three groups with a similarity rate of 67.56%, namely group I consists of 41 local rice genotypes, group II consists of 3 local rice genotypes (all local rice genotypes from Tana Toraja regency) and group III consists of 5 local rice genotypes and these characters can be grouped into two groups with a similarity rate 48.71%, namely group I consists of two characters (panicle length and grains number per panicle) and groups II consists of 7 characters (panicle density, awn length, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight). There was a very significant positive correlation between the characters, namely panicle length and grains number per panicle, panicle length and panicle density, panicle length and awn length, grains number per panicle and panicle density, awn length and grain width, grain length and grain length to width ratio, grain length and 100 seeds weight, grain thickness and 100 seeds weight and grain length to width ratio and 100 seeds weight, with the correlation coefficient values 0.630**, 0.406**, 0.470**, 0.960**, 0.428**, 0.821**, 0.609**, 0.591** and 0.365**, respectively and there was also a very significant negative correlation between the characters, namely awn length and grain length to width ratio and grain width and grain length to width ratio, with the correlation coefficient values -0.401 ** and -0.770 **.

Ethnobotany of the Kombong Agroforestry System and Tongkonan Conservation in the Toraja Tribe, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

“…Similarly, Amboupe et al ( 2019) reported that the Bentong tribe in Baru district, South Sulawesi, relied on rice and maize as staple foods when settled, and kenrang fruit (Ficus racemosa) and sikapa tubers (Dioscorea hispida) during their nomadic phase, with an ICS value of 100 for rice. The high ICS value of rice is attributable to its multifaceted benefits for the Toraja people, serving as a staple food, raw material for cake preparation (including traditional Dori cakes), medicine, and an integral component of traditional ceremonies (Riadi et al, 2019;Ranteallo et al, 2020;Helida et al, 2015). As stated by Barumbun et Al.…”

Agronomic performance and correlation of growth components, yield components and production on 30 F3 lines of new plant type of black rice specific to highland ecosystems

“…The advantages of specific environmental adaptation and quality possessed by local black rice, this rice has weaknesses in terms of deep harvesting age and relatively lower production when compared to national superior varieties. Pare Ambo has a harvest age of 135-140 days after sowing with an average production of 5 tons per hectare, while Pare Lallodo has a harvest age of 150-160 days after sowing with a production of 5.8 tons per hectare [7].…”

Performance of agronomic characteristics and path analysis of the highland new plant types of rice

“…Local upland rice that has been introduced and has been registered at the Plant Variety Protection Agency of the Ministry of Agriculture and most of them are in South Sulawesi, West Sumatra and Central Java [9]. Among the several local rice that have been registered, there are also five Toaraja local rice namely Pare Ambo, Pare Bau, Pare Kombong, Pare Lallodo and Pare Lea [10]. The five local rice have long been adapted and cultivated by local farmers in the Toraja highlands at an average altitude of 700-2000 m above sea level [11].…”