Local production of IgE in the respiratory mucosa and the concept of entopy: does allergy exist in nonallergic rhinitis?

Forester, Joseph P.; Calabria, Christopher W.

doi:10.1016/j.anai.2010.02.001

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…In the study, 20 standardized extracts were selected for SPT, in order to avoid underestimation of the confirmable prevalence of AR. However, with respect to the concept of entropy which means local production of IgE in nasal mucosa in up to 40% of non-AR patients,35 the prevalence of AR may also be underestimated by the confirmable tests of SPTs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis Among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2015

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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PurposeThe aim of the present study was to compare the prevalence of self-reported and confirmable allergic rhinitis (AR) with positive skin prick test (SPT) results among adults living in urban and rural areas of China.MethodsAdults from a community in Beijing and a village in Baoding were selected as representative urban and rural dwellers, respectively. All eligible residents were enrolled from the population register and received a face-to-face interview using modified validated questionnaires. Equal sets of randomly selected self-reporting AR-positive and AR-negative participants who responded to the questionnaires were also investigated using skin prick tests.ResultsA total of 803 participants in the rural area and a total of 1,499 participants in the urban area completed the questionnaires, with response rates being 75.9% and 81.5% respectively. The prevalence of self-reported AR of the rural area (19.1%) was significantly higher than that of the urban area (13.5%). The elementary school of educational level increased the risk of having AR (adjusted OR=2.198, 95% CI=1.072-2.236) .The positive SPT rates among subjects with self-reported AR in the rural and urban areas were 32.5% and 53.3%, respectively; the confirmable AR prevalence of 6.2% and 7.2% among the rural and urban adults, respectively.ConclusionsThe prevalence of confirmable AR is similar between rural and urban areas in China, although there is a higher prevalence of self-reported AR in the former.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis Among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Zheng

Wang

et al. 2015

Allergy Asthma Immunol Res

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“…331,332 • The approach to diagnosis in children is similar to that in adults: 331,332 • The approach to diagnosis in children is similar to that in adults:…”

Section: Classic Symptoms and Signs Of Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 99%

BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007)

Scadding

Kariyawasam

Scadding

et al. 2017

Clin Experimental Allergy

244

238

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This is an updated guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, first published in 2007. It was produced by the Standards of Care Committee of the British Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, using accredited methods. Allergic rhinitis is common and affects 10-15% of children and 26% of adults in the UK, it affects quality of life, school and work attendance, and is a risk factor for development of asthma. Allergic rhinitis is diagnosed by history and examination, supported by specific allergy tests. Topical nasal corticosteroids are the treatment of choice for moderate to severe disease. Combination therapy with intranasal corticosteroid plus intranasal antihistamine is more effective than either alone and provides second line treatment for those with rhinitis poorly controlled on monotherapy. Immunotherapy is highly effective when the specific allergen is the responsible driver for the symptoms. Treatment of rhinitis is associated with benefits for asthma. Non-allergic rhinitis also is a risk factor for the development of asthma and may be eosinophilic and steroid-responsive or neurogenic and non- inflammatory. Non-allergic rhinitis may be a presenting complaint for systemic disorders such as granulomatous or eosinophilic polyangiitis, and sarcoidoisis. Infective rhinitis can be caused by viruses, and less commonly by bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

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“…There are approximately 80 million people in the US with CR, which is characterized by inflammation of the sinonasal mucosa, congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, pruritus, or postnasal drainage [53,54]. CR can be subdivided into AR, nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), or a combination of AR and NAR, called mixed rhinitis (Fig.…”

Section: Local Ige and Non-allergic Rhinitismentioning

confidence: 99%

Local IgE and the Future of Allergy Care

Reisacher

2015

Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep

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Previously, it was believed that immunoglobulin E (IgE) class switching, in response to exposure to airborne and food allergens, took place only in the spleen and large lymphoid structures of the body, before being transported to various mucosal and epithelial surfaces. However, recent studies have demonstrated that this process can take place directly in locally symptomatic regions of both the upper and lower aerodigestive tracts, without evidence of sensitization in the serum. This raises questions concerning the most appropriate location to test for IgEmediated allergic disease, and whether the ability to produce antigen-specific IgE is more widespread in the population than that previously estimated. Several methods are currently available to test for local IgE, but the clinical implications of locally present IgE are not completely understood, particularly when considering testing and treatment options for symptomatic individuals.

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Local production of IgE in the respiratory mucosa and the concept of entopy: does allergy exist in nonallergic rhinitis?

Cited by 34 publications

References 55 publications

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis Among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

Prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis Among Adults in Urban and Rural Areas of China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis (Revised Edition 2017; First edition 2007)

Local IgE and the Future of Allergy Care

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