“…Cadmium NMR studies have been used to quantify 113 Cd binding (Chung et al, 1996 ;Larive et al, 1996 ;Otto et al, 2001b ), evaluate chemical exchange (Larive et al, 1996 ), identify the groups (mainly oxygen, but also nitrogen and sulfur at certain pH values) responsible for binding (Hertkorn et al, 2004 ), and identify specifi c (inner/outer sphere) complexes (Grassi and Daquino, 2005 ). Similarly, in the area of organic contaminant interactions, a wide array of studies have been performed (Thorn et al, 1996a(Thorn et al, ,b, 1997Bortiatynski et al, 1997 ;Hinedi et al, 1997 ;Jayasundera et al, 1997 ;Nanny et al, 1997 ;Achtnich et al, 1999 ;Dixon et al, 1999 ;Green et al, 1999 ;Knicker et al, 1999 ;Nanny, 1999 ;Xiong et al, 1999 ;Bruns -Nagel et al, 2000 ;Kohl et al, 2000 ;Emery et al, 2001 ;Smernik and Oades, 2001 ;Kacker et al, 2002 ;Thorn and Kennedy, 2002 ;Strynar et al, 2004 ;Smernik et al, 2006 ). Using NMR, it has been possible to determine the amount of organic contaminants bound (Simpson et al, 2004c ), evaluate binding type (covalent and noncovalent) (Nanny et al, 1997 ;Achtnich et al, 1999 ;Nanny and Maza, 2001 ), extract mechanistic information (Wais et al, 1996 ;Hinedi et al, 1997 ), and even focus on the structural components of NOM involved .…”