Local envenoming by the coinsnake or Asian racer, Hemorrhois nummifer and mountain racer or leopard snake, Hemorrhois ravergieri (Serpentes: Colubridae, Colubrinae) in Iran: A reminder of the importance of species identification in the medical management of snakebites

Kazemi, Seyed Mahdi; Jahan-Mahin, Mohammad Hossein; Mohammadian-Kalat, Tooba; Hosseinzadeh, Mahboubeh Sadat; Weinstein, Sidney

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107070

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…Analogous glands to those surrounding the rear maxillary teeth of H. viridiflavus have been observed in the palatomaxillary arch of Hemorrhois hippocrepis. Cases of mild local effects following the bite of the congeneric Hemorrhois algirus and Hemorrhois nummifer are present in literature (Mamonov 1977, Malik 1995, Weinstein et al 2011, Kazemi et al 2023.…”

Section: Dentition In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of modified teeth in the function of prolonged bites in Hierophis viridiflavus (Serpentes: Colubridae)

Paterna

2023

Phyllomedusa

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Analysis of the maxillary, palatine, pterygoid, and dentary bones of the Western Whipsnake, Hierophis viridiflavus carbonarius, revealed the presenceof grooves and ridges in the teeth on the four dentiferous bones. Enlarged and modified rear teeth were found on the posterior maxillaries, separated by alveolar diastema and aligned differently from the anterior maxillary teeth. In both live and dissected specimens, Duvernoy’s gland, associated with the production of toxins, surrounds the rear maxillary teeth, which deliver the secretions produced by the gland. These characters, plus theinfliction of prolonged bites, facilitate the subduing of prey. The morphology of the palatomaxillary arch places H. viridiflavus in the group of opisthoglyphous colubroids, whose modified fangs facilitate the inoculation of secretions, considered a “primitive form of venom.” Other species of large sympatric colubroids were also examined, and some analogous structures were observed.

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Section: Dentition In Other Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%