Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran

Dehghani, Rohollah; Monzavi, Seyed Mostafa; Mehrpour, Omid; Shirazi, Farshad; Hassanian‐Moghaddam, Hossein; Keyler, Daniel E.; Wüster, Wolfgang; Westerström, Alexander; Warrell, David A.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107149

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 223 publications

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“…This agrees largely with clinical effects (e.g. hemotoxicicity/coagulotoxicity, organ failure, edema and necrosis) known to occur after envenoming from M. schweizeri and M. lebetinus ( Warrell, 2008 ; Amr et al, 2020 ; Cattaneo, 2020 ; Dehghani et al, 2023 ). To understand whether our activity predictions based on qualitative proteomic data translate functionally, we tested a subset of bioactivities that we hypothesize to be exerted from M. schweizeri venom: We explored the effects of this venom on mammalian cells, investigated its general proteolytic activity, and determined the antimicrobial effects.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Indeed, pit vipers (subfamily Crotalinae) are the main cause of snakebite-related morbidity and mortality in the Neotropics ( Gutiérrez, 2014 ; da Silva et al, 2019 ), while true vipers (subfamily Viperinae) are snakes of high medical importance in Africa, Asia and Europe ( WHO, 2020 ). For instance, envenomations caused by blunt-nosed vipers (genus Macrovipera ) are known to cause considerably severe, potentially lethal clinical manifestations in the Near and Middle East ( Warrell, 2008 ; Amr et al, 2020 ; Dehghani et al, 2023 ), and are considered medically important also in Europe ( Jestrzemski et al, 2022 ; Paolino et al, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms

Schulte,

Damm,

Avella

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Introduction: Snakebite is a neglected tropical disease and a globally important driver of death and morbidity. Vipers of the genus Macrovipera (Viperidae: Viperinae) are among the snakes of higher medical importance in the Old World. Despite the medical relevance of Macrovipera venoms, the knowledge regarding them is heterogeneously distributed with virtually all works conducted so far focusing on subspecies of Macrovipera lebetinus, while other species within the genus are largely overlooked. Here we present the first proteomic evaluation of the venom from the Greek endemic Milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri). In line with clinical symptoms typically elicited by Macrovipera envenomations, Milos viper venom primarily comprises coagulotoxic and cytotoxic protein families, such as metalloproteinases (svMP) and serine proteases (svSP).Methods: We conducted comparative bioactivity assays on venoms from M. schweizeri and the M. lebetinus subspecies M. lebetinus cernovi, M. lebetinus obtusa, and M. lebetinus turanica, and showed that they all exhibit similarities in levels of cytotoxicity proteolytic activity, and inhibition of prokaryotic growth. Lastly, we compared Macrovipera venom profiles by 1D-SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC, as well as our proteomic data with previously published Macrovipera venom proteomes.Results and discussion: The analyzes performed to reveal that a general venom profile seems to be conserved across blunt-nosed vipers, and that, M. schweizeri envenomations, similarly to those caused by other blunt-nosed vipers, are able to cause significant tissue damage. The present work represents an important starting point for the development of comparative studies across the full taxonomic range of the genus Macrovipera and can potentially help optimize the treatment of envenomations caused by M. schweizeri.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms

Schulte,

Damm,

Avella

et al. 2023

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden

Kumar,

Rathore

2024

J Epidemiol Glob Health

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The sole treatment for snakebite envenomation (SBE), the anti-snake venom (ASV), suffers from considerable drawbacks, including side effects and limited species specificity. Additionally, despite its existence for more than a century, uniform availability of good quality ASV does not yet exist. The present review describes the journey of a SBE victim and highlights the global crisis of SBE management. A detailed analysis of the current ASV market has also been presented along with the worldwide snake distribution. The current production of country specific licensed ASV throughout the globe along with their manufacturers has been examined at the snake species level. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of on-ground situation of SBE management in antivenom manufacturing countries has been done using the most recent literature. Additionally, the export and import of different ASVs have been discussed in terms of procurement policies of individual countries, their shortcomings, along with the possible solution at the species level. It is interesting to note that in most countries, the existence of ASV is really either neglected or overstated, implying that it is there but unsuitable for use, or that it is not present but can be obtained from other countries. This highlights the urgent need of significant reassessment and international collaborations not just for development and production, but also for procurement, distribution, availability, and awareness. A PROMISE (Practical ROutes for Managing Indigenous Snakebite Envenoming) approach has also been introduced, offering simple, economical, and easy to adopt steps to efficiently alleviate the worldwide SBE burden.

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Design, development and preclinical assessment of MENAVip-ICP, a new snake antivenom with potential coverage of species in the Middle East and North Africa regions

Segura,

Moscoso,

Umaña

et al. 2024

Toxicon: X

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Medically important snakes and snakebite envenoming in Iran

Cited by 6 publications

References 223 publications

Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms

Venomics of the milos viper (Macrovipera schweizeri) unveils patterns of venom composition and exochemistry across blunt-nosed viper venoms

Snakebite Management: The Need of Reassessment, International Relations, and Effective Economic Measures to Reduce the Considerable SBE Burden

Design, development and preclinical assessment of MENAVip-ICP, a new snake antivenom with potential coverage of species in the Middle East and North Africa regions

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