Local Cerebral Blood Flow, Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization, and Flow-Metabolism Coupling during Sevoflurane versus Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats

Lenz, Christian; Rebel, Annette; Ackern, K. van; Kuschinsky, Wolfgang; Waschke, Klaus F.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199812000-00026

Cited by 112 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…was consistent with the previously published effects of isoflurane to increase resting CBF by about 30%, and ␣-chloralose to reduce it by 30%, at the doses used in this study (Kehl et al, 2002;Lenz et al, 1998;Okamoto et al, 1997;Szabo et al, 1983).…”

Section: Correlation Time Values and Resting Cbfsupporting

confidence: 93%

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Ayata

Dunn

Gürsoy‐Özdemir

et al. 2004

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

260

227

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Summary:Laser speckle flowmetry (LSF) is useful to assess noninvasively two-dimensional cerebral blood flow (CBF) with high temporal and spatial resolution. The authors show that LSF can image the spatiotemporal dynamics of CBF changes in mice through an intact skull. When measured by LSF, peak CBF increases during whisker stimulation closely correlated with simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF) measurements, and were greater within the branches of the middle cerebral artery supplying barrel cortex than within barrel cortex capillary bed itself. When LSF was used to study the response to inhaled CO 2 (5%), the flow increase was similar to the response reported using LDF. For the upper and lower limits of autoregulation, mean arterial pressure values were 110 and 40 mm Hg, respectively. They also show a linear relationship between absolute resting CBF, as determined by [ 14 C]iodoamphetamine technique, and 1/ c values obtained using LSF, and used 1/ c values to compare resting CBF between different animals. Finally, the authors studied CBF changes after distal middle cerebral artery ligation, and developed a model to investigate the spatial distribution and hemodynamics of moderate to severely ischemic cortex. In summary, LSF has distinct advantages over LDF for CBF monitoring because of high spatial resolution.

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Section: Correlation Time Values and Resting Cbfsupporting

confidence: 93%

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Ayata

Dunn

Gürsoy‐Özdemir

et al. 2004

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

260

227

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“…The basal energy level as derived from the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose consumption (CMR glc ) is lower than in the awake state. A reduction by approximately 40% was reported for an isoflurane concentration of 1.4% [22]. In comparison, -chloralose was found to reduce baseline CMR glc by approximately 60% [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Hyperalgesia by low doses of the local anesthetic lidocaine involves cannabinoid signaling: An fMRI study in mice

Bosshard

Grandjean

Schroeter

et al. 2012

Pain

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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast was used to study sensory processing in the brain of isoflurane anesthetized mice. The use of a cryogenic surface coil in a small-animal 9.4T system provided the sensitivity required for detection and quantitative analysis of hemodynamic changes caused by neural activity in the mouse brain in response to electrical forepaw stimulation at different amplitudes. A gradient echo-echo planar imaging (GE-EPI) sequence was used to acquire five coronal brain slices of 0.5 mm thickness. BOLD signal changes were observed in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, the thalamus and the insular cortex, important regions involved in sensory and nociceptive processing. Activation was observed consistently bilateral despite unilateral stimulation of the forepaw. The temporal BOLD profile was segregated into two signal components with different temporal characteristics. The maximum BOLD amplitude of both signal components correlated strongly with the stimulation amplitude. Analysis of the dynamic behavior of the somatosensory 'fast' BOLD component revealed a decreasing signal decay rate constant koff with increasing maximum BOLD amplitude (and stimulation amplitude). This study demonstrates the feasibility of a robust BOLD fMRI protocol to study nociceptive processing in isoflurane anesthetized mice. The reliability of the method allows for detailed analysis of the temporal BOLD profile and for investigation of somatosensory and noxious signal processing in the brain, which is attractive for characterizing genetically engineered mouse models. AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) contrast was used to study sensory processing in the brain of isoflurane anesthetized mice. The use of a cryogenic surface coil in a small-animal 9.4T system provided the sensitivity required for detection and quantitative analysis of hemodynamic changes caused by neural activity in the mouse brain in response to electrical forepaw stimulation at different amplitudes. A gradient echo-echo planar imaging (GE-EPI) sequence was used to acquire five coronal brain slices of 0.5 mm thickness. BOLD signal changes were observed in primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, the thalamus and the insular cortex, important regions involved in sensory and nociceptive processing. Activation was observed consistently bilateral despite unilateral stimulation of the forepaw. The temporal BOLD profile was segregated into two signal components with different temporal characteristics. The maximum BOLD amplitude of both signal components correlated strongly with the stimulation amplitude. Analysis of the dynamic behavior of the somatosensory 'fast' BOLD component revealed a decreasing signal decay rate constant k off with increasing maximum BOLD amplitude (and stimulation amplitude).This study demonstrates the feasibility of a robust BOLD fMRI protocol to study nociceptive processing in isofluran...

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“…Isoflurane is an inhalant anesthetic commonly used in 18 F-FDG PET studies of laboratory animals. Isoflurane anesthesia has been reported to affect blood glucose levels (24), cerebral blood flow (25), and rCMRglu (26) in rodents. In addition, isoflurane anesthesia causes high myocardial 18 F-FDG uptake in mice (9).…”

Section: Comparison Of Glucose Kinetics Between Conscious and Anesthementioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of In Vivo Brain Imaging Method in Conscious Mice

Mizuma¹,

Shukuri²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2010

J Nucl Med

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In vivo imaging, such as PET, requires restriction of body movements and is generally conducted under sedation by anesthetic agents in studies using laboratory animals. Because anesthetics reduce neural activity and metabolism, physiologic neural functions are difficult to assess in animal PET studies. Therefore, use of an appropriate method in conscious animals is important and is a practical requirement for physiologic in vivo brain imaging studies. Here, we established an in vivo imaging system for conscious mice to reveal the physiologic regional cerebral glucose metabolic rate (rCMRglu) with 18 F-FDG PET. Methods: We first developed a head holder to enable brain PET of a conscious mouse. To obtain optimal rCMRglu, we examined the effects of physical and psychologic stresses caused by ambient temperature, intravenous injection, and acclimation to the apparatus and immobile state. Finally, quantitative kinetic analysis was performed for rCMRglu based on a 2-tissue-compartment model with an input function of arterial blood sampling under both conscious and anesthetized (1.5% isoflurane) conditions. Results: Increasing the ambient temperature increased uptake of 18 F-FDG in the brain significantly while reducing the uptake in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue that was caused by shivering. The reduction of brain 18 F-FDG uptake caused by tail holding and manual injection was significantly ameliorated by the use of an automated slow injection. Although brain uptake of 18 F-FDG varied at the first session of PET, uptake at the second and subsequent sessions was stable, even after long-term acclimation. After these beneficial changes, brain uptake of 18 F-FDG improved significantly, to approximately 260% above the preconditioned state, which is comparable with that obtained in mice that have been allowed to move freely about their home cages. Quantitative kinetic analyses revealed that isoflurane anesthesia lowered rCMRglu in the cerebral cortex, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum by 66%, 59%, 62%, and 22%, respectively, mainly by reducing the k 3 value, a rate constant for phosphorylation by hexokinase. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report quantitative kinetic analysis of rCMRglu in mice that have been conscious throughout PET. This investigation will open avenues for research into in vivo functional brain molecular imaging in both normal and genetically manipulated mice.

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Local Cerebral Blood Flow, Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization, and Flow-Metabolism Coupling during Sevoflurane versus Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rats

Abstract: Mean and local cerebral blood flows were lower during sevoflurane than during isoflurane anesthesia. This difference cannot be explained by differing changes in glucose utilization because glucose utilization was decreased to the same extent in both groups.

Cited by 112 publications

References 34 publications

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Laser Speckle Flowmetry for the Study of Cerebrovascular Physiology in Normal and Ischemic Mouse Cortex

Hyperalgesia by low doses of the local anesthetic lidocaine involves cannabinoid signaling: An fMRI study in mice

Establishment of In Vivo Brain Imaging Method in Conscious Mice

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