“…Third, important advantages may be associated to the localization of R&D FDIs in emerging economies characterized by strong mission-oriented structural policies, as it is particularly the case of Asian countries. In these contexts, the creation of knowledge sourcing opportunities is largely the result of conscious industrial and innovation policy efforts undertaken by local governments aimed at technology upgrading in GVCs (Lebdioui et al, 2021;Lee et al, 2021). This has been documented particularly in the case of China (Bruche, 2009;Haour & Jolly, 2014;Liu & Chen, 2005, 2012Liu et al, 2011) and India (Awate et al, 2015;Jha et al, 2018;Kumaraswamy et al, 2012;Lema et al, 2015;Prabhu & Jain, 2015).…”