Local Anesthetic Activity from Extracts, Fractions and Pure Compounds from the Roots of Ottonia anisum Spreng. (Piperaceae)

Abstract

Piperaceae species can be found worldwide in tropical and subtropical areas and many of them have been used for centuries in traditional folk medicine and in culinary. In Brazil, species of Piperaceae are commonly used in some communities as local anesthetic and analgesic. Countrified communities have known some species of the genus Ottonia as "anestesia" and it is a common habit of chewing leaves and roots of Ottonia species to relief toothache. The purpose of this study is to report our findings on new molecules entities obtained from the roots of Ottonia anisum Spreng, in which local anesthetic activity (sensory blockage) is demonstrated for the first time in vivo guinea pig model. Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of three amides (pipercallosidine, piperine and valeramide) and in an enriched mixture of seven amides (valeramide, 4,5-dihydropiperlonguminine, N-isobutil-6-piperonil-2-hexenamide, piperovatine, dihydropipercallosidine, pipercallosidine and pipercallpsine). Our findings demonstrated the anesthetic potential for the methanolic extract from roots, its n-hexane partition and amides from O. anisum and it is in agreement with ethnobotanical survey.

Chemical Composition of Leaves, Stem, and Roots of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth

“…Velutin has already been detected in Piper species such as Piper porphyrophyllum [ 60 ], Piper umbellata [ 61 ], and Piper clarkii [ 62 ], and it has already been reported as having antibacterial activity [ 63 ], anti-melanogenic activity [ 64 ], human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) activity, and as being against Trypanosoma cruzi [ 65 ]. In previous reports, pipercallosidine showed anesthetic activity [ 66 ], and dehydroretrofractamide C showed inhibition ACAT activity in both rat liver microsomes and HepG2 cancer cells [ 41 ]. Retrofractamide B and guineensine promoted gastro-protective effects in experimental animals [ 67 ].…”

Understanding the Cerrado biome, medicinal properties of a Piperaceae, and consequences of seasonal variation in Amazonian upland lakes

“…Among the more commonly used plants in tropical and subtropical areas are the Piperaceae (e.g., Cunico et al 2015). In the present issue of the AABC, López et al (2016) explore the anesthetic activity of Ottonia anisum, a Piperaceae that is commonly found in the Atlantic forest, confirming its efficiency.…”

Peppers: A “Hot” Natural Source for Antitumor Compounds

“…Many Piper species are popularly used for the treatment of several disorders, such as rheumatism [ 23 ], cardiac arrhythmias [ 24 ], asthma [ 25 ], upset stomach [ 26 ], and many kinds of infections [ 21 ]. Further biological properties have been reported for secondary metabolites of Piper , such as antinociceptive [ 27 ], anti-inflammatory [ 28 , 29 ], antiplatelet aggregation [ 30 ], antioxidant [ 31 ], antiophidic [ 32 ], anxiolytic/antidepressant [ 33 ], antidiabetic [ 32 ], hepatoprotective [ 34 ], leishmanicidal [ 35 ], anti-secretory [ 36 ], and cytotoxic effects [ 37 ].…”