Local and Systemic Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Anticholinesterases

Ballantyne, Bryan

doi:10.1016/b978-012088523-7/50032-6

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 144 publications

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“…Genetic toxicology makes the greatest use of cell and other cultures to determine mutagenic and/or clastogenic potential, but this often requires confirmation in vivo, particularly by regulatory agencies. Other areas where there has been progress with alternatives to whole animal studies include eye irritation (Ballantyne, 1999(Ballantyne, , 2005 and cutaneous phototoxicity testing. The use of alternatives for toxicity testing to determine potential adverse human health effects requires these procedures be rigorously examined for reproducibility, specificity, reliability, and validated to give a high likelihood of an indication of the actual biological end point(s) of interest, with very low incidence of false-positive or -negative results.…”

Section: Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

Ballantyne¹

2005

J. Appl. Toxicol.

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By its very nature, practice and intended applications, the profession of occupational toxicology has individual and collective responsibilities related to the design, conduct, interpretation and extrapolation of laboratory and controlled human clinical studies in order to determine the potential for industrial xenobiotics to produce adverse effects. The implications for health-related adverse effects in the workplace, and in the domestic and general environment carries many and various responsibilities for the toxicologist which are related to multiple and wide-ranging ethical issues. This review presents and discusses some of the major areas where the occupational toxicologist may experience potential ethical problems related to the conduct of routine professional activities. Emphasis is placed on the design, conduct, interpretation and reporting of laboratory studies; animal welfare; regulatory activities; human clinical volunteer studies; roles and responsibilities in defining workplace safety and protective measures; malpractices in various disciplines and work practices; misconduct in publication; and codes of ethical behavior.

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Section: Animal Welfarementioning

confidence: 99%

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

Ballantyne¹

2005

J. Appl. Toxicol.

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“…[51] Other cell lines are self-renewing cells, which can be used for long term maintenance planning of in vitro assay. [97] Numerous cell lines including lung fibroblasts, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, canine renal cells, corneal epithelial cells, HeLa cells, and MCF-7 cells which have been widely used in cytotoxicity assays [98] should be chosen according to an assay protocols to have a good and well-conducted experiment design.…”

Section: Parameters To Measure Cellular Response In Cytotoxicity Assa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review

Gavanji

Bakhtari

Famurewa

et al. 2023

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Since time immemorial, human beings have sought natural medications for treatment of various diseases. Weighty evidence demonstrates the use of chemical methodologies for sensitive evaluation of cytotoxic potentials of herbal agents. However, due to the ubiquitous use of cytotoxicity methods, there is a need for providing updated guidance for the design and development of in vitro assessment. The aim of this review is to provide practical guidance on common cell-based assays for suitable assessment of cytotoxicity potential of herbal medicines and discussing their advantages and disadvantages Relevant articles in authentic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and SID, from 1950 to 2022 were collected according to selection criteria of in vitro cytotoxicity assays and protocols. In addition, the link between cytotoxicity assay selection and different factors such as the drug solvent, concentration and exposure duration were discussed.

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“…Cytotoxicity assay is a test for the characterization and evaluation of potentially harmful and toxic effects of biomolecules or any other materials on the living organisms/cell cultures. Various types of molecules, plant extracts, and NPs have been used to check the cytotoxic effect [ 112 ]. The green-synthesized CoNPs were used in different concentrations to investigate and determine the cytotoxicity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro .…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Co and Co 3 O mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green fabrication of Co and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review

et al. 2021

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Nanotechnology is the fabrication, characterization, and potential application of various materials at the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have attracted researchers from different fields because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and other unique and remarkable properties. Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have various biomedical applications because of their distinctive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anticholinergic, wound healing, and antidiabetic properties. In addition to biomedical applications, cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, pigments and dyes, electronic thin film, capacitors, gas sensors, heterogeneous catalysis, and for environmental remediation purposes. Different chemical and physical approaches have been used to synthesize cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs; however, these methods could be associated with eco-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high energy, and time consumption. Recently, an eco-friendly, safe, easy, and simple method has been developed by researchers, which uses biotic resources such as plant extract, microorganisms, algae, and other biomolecules such as starch and gelatin. Such biogenic cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs offer more advantages over other physicochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of green synthesis of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs, their characterization, and various biomedical applications.

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Local and Systemic Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Anticholinesterases

Cited by 11 publications

References 144 publications

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review

Green fabrication of Co and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review

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Local and Systemic Ophthalmic Pharmacology and Toxicology of Organophosphate and Carbamate Anticholinesterases

Cited by 11 publications

References 144 publications

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

The occupational toxicologist: professionalism, morality and ethical standards in the context of legal and non-litigation issues

Cytotoxic Activity of Herbal Medicines as Assessed in Vitro: A Review

Green fabrication of Co and Co3O4 nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Green fabrication of Co and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review