Green fabrication of Co and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and their biomedical applications: A review

Abstract

Nanotechnology is the fabrication, characterization, and potential application of various materials at the nanoscale. Over the past few decades, nanomaterials have attracted researchers from different fields because of their high surface-to-volume ratio and other unique and remarkable properties. Cobalt and cobalt oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have various biomedical applications because of their distinctive antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anticancer, larvicidal, antileishmanial, anticholinergic, wound healing, and antidiabetic properties. In addition to biomedical applications, cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs have been widely used in lithium-ion batteries, pigments and dyes, electronic thin film, capacitors, gas sensors, heterogeneous catalysis, and for environmental remediation purposes. Different chemical and physical approaches have been used to synthesize cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs; however, these methods could be associated with eco-toxicity, cost-effectiveness, high energy, and time consumption. Recently, an eco-friendly, safe, easy, and simple method has been developed by researchers, which uses biotic resources such as plant extract, microorganisms, algae, and other biomolecules such as starch and gelatin. Such biogenic cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs offer more advantages over other physicochemically synthesized methods. In this review, we have summarized the recent literature for the understanding of green synthesis of cobalt and cobalt oxide NPs, their characterization, and various biomedical applications.

Green Synthesis of Iron-Doped Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles from Palm Kernel Oil via Co-Precipitation and Structural Characterization

“…It could also open up the possibility of high exploitation of non-edible oil. Many of such green syntheses have been reported recently for the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42], even though palm kernel oil was not used as in the present study.…”

Inspirations of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Based Anticancer Therapeutics

“…In recent years, the biosynthesis of nanoparticles has become a popular and mature technology due to their advantages in energy saving. Researchers have prepared cobalt oxide nanoparticles used in different fields through biosynthesis for different purposes [34,35]. As a safe, eco-friendly and simple method, biosynthesis mainly uses biological resources to synthesize cobalt oxide nanoparticles with various activities.…”

Evaluating the antibacterial effect of cobalt nanoparticles against multi-drug resistant pathogens

“…Among them, Ag, Au, Co, TiO2, ZnO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 etc, have proven their ability to act as an antibiotic [ 4 – 9 ]. Cobalt complex showed promises as a good drug of choice to manage bacterial, fungal, or amoebal diseases as outlined in recent publications [ 10 – 13 ]. Over the past years, several studies have been carried out on the antibacterial activity of Co NPs [ 14 – 18 ].…”