Local Agenda 21: Planning for the future, changing today

Sustainability Managers: The Job Roles and Competencies of Building Sustainable Cities and Communities

“…This research demonstrates that guiding frameworks, such as LA21 that orient the formulation and implementation of municipal sustainability plans are modeled after well-developed collaborative strategic management practices (Clarke & Fuller, 2010). For example, a dominant managerial approach for municipal sustainability plans is strategic planning, suggesting that the sustainability manager job might involve developing their community or corporate sustainability vision, as well as the accompanying goals, targets, and action plans (Xavier et al, 2019). Similarly, the implementation of these plans depends on the development of strategic management processes that provide ongoing oversight, monitoring, and evaluation of plan activities and progress (Clarke, 2011;MacDonald et al, 2019).…”

“…Local government; sustainability competencies; sustainable development goals; sustainability management; sustainability professionals Sustainable development, defined by the World Commission on Environment and Development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" (WCED., 1987, p. 43), has helped shape local public policy for the last three decades (Wang et al, 2014;Xavier et al, 2019). Local Agenda 21 (LA21) and the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy (GCoM) are two international policy responses to sustainable development at the local level.…”

Penglibatan Komuniti Bandar dalam Program Local Agenda 21 di Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam

“…Menurut Xavier et al (2019) dan Savari et al (2020), penglibatan didefinisikan sebagai penglibatan individu atau ahli komuniti dalam proses membuat dan mempengaruhi keputusan terhadap sesuatu perkara atau aktiviti di pelbagai peringkat termasuk perancangan, pelaksanaan dan penilaian. Manakala Coenen (2009) mendefinisikan penglibatan sebagai satu proses yang dilaksanakan secara sukarela dan melibatkan lima (5) peringkat membuat keputusan iaitu (1) menilai keperluan, (2) menyetujui visi, (3) menjana idea dan rancangan untuk tindakan, (4) membolehkan tindakan dan (5) pemantauan dan penilaian.…”

“…Penglibatan komuniti merupakan salah satu kaedah bagi memastikan setiap keputusan dibuat secara persetujuan bersama antara Kerajaan sebagai pembuat keputusan melalui sesi konsultasi bersama komuniti setempat. Menurut Xavier et al (2019) dan Hai et al (2021), salah satu proses untuk memastikan sesi konsultasi dilaksanakan secara efektif adalah interaksi dua hala antara pihak kerajaan dan komuniti setempat supaya keputusan yang dibuat mendapat sokongan serta membangkitkan rasa kepunyaan komuniti setempat. Selain itu, penglibatan komuniti juga mengukuhkan hubungan antara PBT dan komuniti tempatan yang memudahkan perancangan dan pelaksanaan program-program oleh PBT.…”

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“…Nevertheless, for the last few years and in the face of the first perceptible climate change effects (local) governments' openness to move and to adopt new ideas and practices in their internal mode of working have become perceptible (see, for example, Bornemann and Christen, 2019). As a side note, this openness to internal structural and process innovation may be one of the most important differences compared to the Local Agenda 21 (LA21), which also led to intense local government thinking about sustainability following the Rio Conference in 1992, but was mainly based on external citizen participation and failed to provide long-term oriented outcomes (Xavier, Jacobi and Turra, 2019) or even an assessment of the success or failure of the many local initiatives (Graute, 2016). This leads to a situation in which even today there is still relatively little knowledge about concrete public sector innovation that addresses internal modes of sustainability governance (Bornemann and Christen, 2019).…”