Loading of polymer nanocarriers: Factors, mechanisms and applications

Kowalczuk, Agnieszka; Trzcinska, Roza; Trzebicka, Barbara; Müller, Axel H. E.; Dworak, Andrzej; Tsvetanov, Christo B.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2013.10.004

Cited by 157 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 353 publications

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“…Using stimuli-responsive materials to engineer cargo carriers can help to achieve controllable delivery [61, 253,282,338]. Engineered carriers must be carefully chosen based on their loading capacity, targeting ability, cargo release ability, physical and functional stability, solubility, biocompatibility, and immune toxicity [72,199,233,300,338]. For clinical practice, particle's specificity, functionality, and efficiency need to be improved.…”

Section: à18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

Hu¹,

Tuck²,

Wildman³

et al. 2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

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With the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, manufacturing is undergoing revolutionary changes. Nanoparticles, due to their novel and often enhanced properties, are now more and more used in manufacturing. In this chapter, the state-of-the-art application of nanoparticles in manufacturing is reviewed. The contents include five parts: (a) role of nanoparticles in manufacturing, (b) manufacturing methods, (c) applications, (d) challenges, and (e) conclusions. The roles of nanoparticles are divided into three categories: (i) building blocks, being the major component of a manufactured product by solid-state or colloidal nanoparticle consolidation; (ii) functional filler, as an addition for functionality, such as property improver, catalyst, stimuli-responsive, sensing, imaging, and carrier; and (iii) nanocomposites for multifunctionality. Various manufacturing methods and novel trends are summarized in this chapter, including top-down and bottom-up, from 2D to 3D, from cleanroom to desktop, 3D printing, and bio-assisted methods, such as DNA origami. Direct applications in areas of flexible electronics, molecular electronics, solar cells, construction industry, water treatment, and biomedical devices are presented. The associated challenges including nanoparticle safety issue, sustainable manufacturing, economic issue, and scale-up are discussed. Role of Nanoparticles in ManufacturingWith the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, manufacturing is undergoing revolutionary changes. Nanoparticles, due to their novel and often enhanced properties, have more and more been used in various manufacturing applications. Their role can generally be divided into three categories: (a) building blocks, (b) functional filler, and (c) nanocomposites for multifunctionality, which is summarized in Table 1. Building BlockNanoparticles sometimes act like the bricks in a house-building process to be the main component of a manufactured product. They can be consolidated via solid-and liquid-based methods. Solid-State Nanoparticle ConsolidationSolid-state metallic, ceramic, amorphous, and compound particles can be thermomechanically processed to form bulk 2D/3D structures with desired strength and level of densification (even full densification is possible). Reported methods include powder compact forging/extrusion, equal channel angular extrusion/ pressing, and hot pressing/sinter forging combined with conventional heating, laser sintering, microwave sintering, electric discharge sintering, or spark plasma sintering [33,255,278,306,425,426,476,492]. Particles with a narrow size distribution and spherical shape are desired to achieve low pore-to-

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Section: à18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

Hu¹,

Tuck²,

Wildman³

et al. 2015

Handbook of Nanoparticles

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the promising strategies for realizing this concept is the utilization of drug carriers [1][2][3][4][5]. A drug carrier can protect the drug from degradation and prevent side effects, and the size and surface of the carrier can be tailored to achieve targeted delivery and controlled release.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-yield hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous silica hollow capsules

Kato

2016

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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“…Nanostructured polymers that have branched topologies, large surface area, and empty interior volume are considered unimolecular containers for encapsulation, [1][2][3][4] protection, [ 5 ] and controlled release [ 6,7 ] of active "cargoes" [ 8 ] in applications of pharmaceuticals, [ 9,10 ] personal care [ 11 ] and catalysis. [ 12 ] So far, various types of unimolecular…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 26 ] As an active research to explore the structure-property relationship of these branched polymers as unimolecular containers, several structural variables, including molecular weight [ 27 ] and branching density [28][29][30] have been studied to explore their infl uences on the properties of loading and releasing cargo molecules. [ 8 ] In contrast, very few studies have explored the effect of branching unit structures on the properties of unimolecular containers, mainly because of the diffi cult synthesis of branched polymer structures that share similar molecular weights, dimension, but different functionalities of branching units. [ 31 ] Recently, our group [ 32,33 ] developed a novel synthetic method that can produce hyperbranched polymers with uniform dimension and low polydispersity using one-pot atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of AB* inimers (containing initiator fragment B* and monomer vinyl group A in one molecule) [34][35][36] in microemulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Loading Efficiency between Hyperbranched Polymers and Cross‐Linked Nanogels at Various Branching Densities

Graff

Shi

Wang

et al. 2015

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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The effect of branching point structures and densities is studied between azido-containing hyperbranched polymers and cross-linked nanogels on their loading efficiency of alkynyl-containing dendron molecules. Hyperbranched polymers that contained "T"-shaped branching linkage from which three chains radiated out and cross-linked nanogels that contained "X"-shaped branching linkage with four radiating chains are synthesized in microemulsion using either atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or conventional radical polymerization (RP) technique. Both polymers have similar density of azido groups in the structure and exhibit similar hydrodynamic diameter in latexes before purification. Subsequent copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions between these polymers and alkynyl-containing dendrons in various sizes (G1-G3) demonstrate an order of dendron loading efficiencies (i.e., final conversion of alkynyl-containing dendron) as hyperbranched polymers > nanogels synthesized by ATRP > nanogels synthesized by RP. Decreasing the branching density or using smaller dendron molecules increases the click efficiency of both polymers. When G2 dendrons with a molecular weight of 627 Da are used to click with the hyperbranched polymers composed of 100% inimer, a maximum loading efficiency of G2 in the loaded hyperbranched polymer is 58% of G2 by weight. These results represent the first comparison between hyperbranched polymers and cross-linked nanogels to explore the effect of branching structures on their loading efficiencies.

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Loading of polymer nanocarriers: Factors, mechanisms and applications

Cited by 157 publications

References 353 publications

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

Application of Nanoparticles in Manufacturing

High-yield hydrothermal synthesis of mesoporous silica hollow capsules

Comparison of Loading Efficiency between Hyperbranched Polymers and Cross‐Linked Nanogels at Various Branching Densities

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