Load testing and model simulations for a stone arch bridge

Fanning, Paul; Sobczak, L.; Boothby, Thomas E.; Salomoni, Valentina

doi:10.1080/15732480500453532

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Based on this correlated analytical model, the authors provided guidance in the FE model development for such bridges-particularly in the selection of material properties and definition of abutment stiffness. In another stone arch bridge study (Fanning et al 2005), service and high load level tests were used to establish the suitability of the authors' nonlinear FE modeling procedure for the given loading conditions. These methods, based on in situ strain or deflection measurements, were successful when applied to masonry bridges, however, the methods are impractical for larger masonry structures such as masonry cathedrals, due to the difficulty in sufficiently loading the structure to achieve a detectable response.…”

Section: Static Methods Of Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration under uncertainty for finite element models of masonry monuments

Atamturktur¹,

Hemez²,

Unal³

2010

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About the Cover:The figures on the cover illustrate three aspects of the validation of a computational model developed to predict the vibration response of historic masonry monuments. Top right: The National Cathedral, Washington, DC, where vibration response of vaults is experimentally measured to assess the effect of structural damage. The measurements provide acceleration time series used to verify and validate predictions of the numerical simulation. Top left: The computational finite element model is shown to illustrate the mesh discretization of a vault. The model is analyzed to simulate the vibration response. Colors represent different material properties whose uncertainties are propagated through the calculation. Bottom: The measurement of a vibration mode shape of the structure (solid line) is compared to the prediction of the finite element model (dashed line). Crosses illustrate the uncertainty of predictions due to variability of the boundary conditions and material properties. Statistical tests are implemented to quantify the accuracy of the finite element model, given measurement variability and prediction uncertainty. Tables Table 3- Calibration Under Uncertainty for Finite List of Figures List of ABSTRACTHistorical unreinforced masonry buildings often include features such as load bearing unreinforced masonry vaults and their supporting framework of piers, fill, buttresses, and walls. The masonry vaults of such buildings are among the most vulnerable structural components and certainly among the most challenging to analyze. The versatility of finite element (FE) analyses in incorporating various constitutive laws, as well as practically all geometric configurations, has resulted in the widespread use of the FE method for the analysis of complex unreinforced masonry structures over the last three decades. However, an FE model is only as accurate as its input parameters, and there are two fundamental challenges while defining FE model input parameters: (1) material properties and (2) support conditions. The difficulties in defining these two aspects of the FE model arise from the lack of knowledge in the common engineering understanding of masonry behavior. As a result, engineers are unable to define these FE model input parameters with certainty, and, inevitably, uncertainties are introduced to the FE model.As the complexity of the building increases, as is the case for historical unreinforced masonry buildings, the errors and uncertainties in the analysis also increase. In the presence of high and numerous uncertainties originating from multiple sources, deterministic approaches in which parameters are defined as constant values assumed to be known with certainty cannot be implemented reliably. Probabilistic methods, however, provide a rigorous and rational means in treating the uncertainty present in the FE analysis of historical unreinforced masonry buildings. The way in which uncertainty in historical unreinforced masonry construction is treated is one of the novel and main contributions...

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Section: Static Methods Of Correlationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration under uncertainty for finite element models of masonry monuments

Atamturktur¹,

Hemez²,

Unal³

2010

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“…The method also allows for the inclusion of a limited tensile capacity in the masonry mortar continuum. Further discussion on the inclusion of tensile strength for the masonry mortar continuum and validation of the modelling assumptions against service load testing can be found in Fanning et al (2005) and Fanning and Boothby (2003). The effect of increasing the tensile capacity is to increase the range of moment and force combinations permissible, as shown in the strength envelopes determined from Boothby and Fanning (2004) in Figure 4 for a masonry arch with a compressive strength of 7?0 MPa, a ring thickness of 0?460 m and tensile capacities of 0 MPa and 5% of the compressive strength; that is, 0?35 MPa.…”

Section: Elastic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with the 2D approach the fill is again only included as a dead load and the spandrel walls are not included. The exclusion of the spandrel walls is considered to be prudent as it has been shown that spandrel wall separation may occur without any visual evidence at the barrel spandrel wall interface (Fanning et al, 2005). Again, a single modulus of elasticity is taken for the masonry mortar continuum, the live loads are assumed to be distributed laterally over a 3 m width and in the longitudinal direction at a ratio of 1:2, and the masonry arch is assigned a compressive strength and, if appropriate, a limited tensile capacity.…”

Section: Three-dimensional Elastic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Rationalising assessment approaches for masonry arch bridges

Gibbons¹,

Fanning²

2012

Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engi

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2Masonry arch bridges, most of which have far exceeded modern design lives, have demonstrated themselves to be sustainable structures with low life-cycle costs. However, increased traffic loading and material deterioration over time necessitate periodic reassessment of these structures. There are numerous different analytical methods available for the assessment of masonry arch bridges. The expectation is that for increasing levels of assessment complexity an increase in load capacity converging on the ultimate capacity would be achieved. In this paper it is demonstrated that this is not always the case. This has cost implications for both the bridge assessment itself and for costs associated with load restrictions and strengthening measures. Five different assessment methods were selected to assess a set of 11 single-span bridges, ranging in span from 2?4 m to 15?2 m, with the objective of reviewing and rationalising current assessment guidelines for masonry arch bridges. The bridges chosen are a representative sample of the stone arch bridges on the Irish National Roads network. It was found that there is a significant variation in assessed capacity depending on the assessment method used. Limit state analysis methods were found to generally result in higher ratings for segmental bridges while elastic methods resulted in higher ratings for three-centred or semi-circular bridges. Assessment ratings found using the Military Engineering Experimental Establishment (MEXE) method were difficult to rationalise across the bridge set considered in this study. Following a review of the origins of the MEXE method and its current form as set out in the assessment guidance, it is recommended that its use as the predominant tool in a simplified assessment procedure is not appropriate and that a more rational approach is required for a more realistic and reliable calculation of bridge capacity. The development of an improved assessment methodology is being considered as part of the current study.

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“…A Bayesian approach was also used. Nonlinear 3D finite element (FE) models, including arch-fill interaction effects and limit analysis models, were also developed [10,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. The arch in masonry arch bridges was analyzed as a two-phase material comprising bricks (or stones) and mortar [13,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Restoration of a Masonry Arch Viaduct: Numerical Analysis and Lab Tests

et al. 2020

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This article presents an analysis of the load-carrying capacity of a historic masonry arch viaduct. The vault was made of bricks and lime-cement mortar. It was built in 1886 and, therefore, its historical character had to be included in the restoration project. The main task of the restoration was to bring the viaduct to a technical condition corresponding to the current requirements to allow normal (or limited) service. The strength of the brickwork and joints (mortar) was examined experimentally in the laboratory and on the viaduct. This paper presents numerical calculations for the masonry viaduct that were performed using two programs based on the finite element method. As the project documentation was unknown, two-and three-hinged models of the masonry arch were analyzed. The axial forces, shear forces, bending moments, displacement, normal stresses, and shear stresses generated from the numerical analysis have been discussed. The conditions of the load capacity of the arch viaduct due to compression and shearing have been met. The safety of a masonry arch of the viaduct was determined. Finally, the restoration scope of the masonry viaduct was proposed.

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Load testing and model simulations for a stone arch bridge

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Calibration under uncertainty for finite element models of masonry monuments

Calibration under uncertainty for finite element models of masonry monuments

Rationalising assessment approaches for masonry arch bridges

Study on the Restoration of a Masonry Arch Viaduct: Numerical Analysis and Lab Tests

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