Load Frequency Control of Microgrid: A Technical Review

Rajesh, K. S.; Dash, Sudhansu Sekhar; Rajagopal, Ragam

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-1063-2_9

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The speed governor has two inputs: change in the reference power setting, and change in the speed of the generator, 𝛥𝑓. It is to be noted that a positive 𝛥𝑃𝑟 will result in positive 𝛥𝑃 𝐺𝑜𝑣 , with using the Laplace transform as (1).…”

Section: Figure 1 Schematic Representation Of a Hybrid Micro-grid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many economic benefits that can be gained by applying the micro-grid concept. A microgrid is defined as an independent low or medium voltage power network comprised of various distributed generators, energy storages and controllable loads [1]. In the micro-grid system, the sources can be non-inertia distributed generations (DG) interfaced through voltage source converter (VSC) or inertial DG such as synchronous generator (SG).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Mahdi

Thajeel

Ahmad

2022

IJPEDS

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This paper presented a smartness 2-D lookup table (2-DLT) control by means of adaptation gain to develop a frequency controller and facilitate the power-sharing requirements in an isolated micro-grid system. This intelligence of an expert controller adopts the scale of adaptation gain for estimating control design. Synchronous power generators are commonly used to provide power to distant and isolated regions where grid expansion is expensive due to economic and technical constraints. Load frequency control (LFC) technology challenges to guarantee the reliability and stability regarding the system. It is known that conventional control methods are unreliable due to frequency variation and sudden changes in the load or failure generation. Traditional control and criteria may not be appropriate for the new structural networks, such as micro-grid. In this work, the performance of the proposed 2-DLT controller is examined and compared to the classical proportional integral (PI) controller and artificial neural network (ANN). The simulation system is implemented and tested using MATLAB/Simulink.

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Section: Figure 1 Schematic Representation Of a Hybrid Micro-grid Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Mahdi

Thajeel

Ahmad

2022

IJPEDS

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“…In the mode connected to the big power grid, the MG's voltage and frequency regulation can be supported by the big power grid. In the islanded mode, some MG energy sources, compensation loads, and power generation (wind energy and solar radiation) have fluctuations that are easily affected by the environment, which will bring much trouble to frequency adjustment [5]. In the MG's actual operation, there will be deviations between the power supply side and the demand side of the MG at certain moments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm andH₂/H_∞Weights Distribution Method for Load Frequency Control of Micro-Grid

Zou¹,

Qian

Zeng

et al. 2021

IEEE Access

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In this paper, a mixed H 2 /H ∞ robust control strategy that considers the weights of the H 2 and H ∞ norm in the optimization process is proposed, and it is used to solve the load frequency control (LFC) problem of the micro-grid (MG). The MG load frequency model established in this paper includes battery energy storage system (BESS), fuel cell (FC), wind turbine (WT), photo-voltaic (PV), and diesel engine generator (DEG). The optimal mixed H 2 /H ∞ robust controller takes the minimum square integral of the system's frequency fluctuation as the goal of control optimization by integrating the robust performance expressed by the H 2 /H ∞ two norms. The hybrid particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm with chaotic map algorithm (CPSOGSA) is used to optimize the weight value reflecting the H 2 and H ∞ performance of the system and the evaluation function's weighting matrix of the output performance so that the controller can reach the optimum under the constraints. Simulation experiments show that the robust controller designed by the proposed method has better dynamic performance when compared with H ∞ robust controller, H 2 robust controller, and traditional H 2 /H ∞ robust controller, and the results are very satisfactory.INDEX TERMS Load-frequency control, Islanded micro-grid, Intelligent H 2 /H ∞ robust control, Intelligent optimization algorithm

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“…Optimal PI-settings for first-order with delay systems to achieve a specific level of robustness was presented by Grimholt and Skogestad [17] and the results were compared with the simple SIMC-rule. Some surveys on the modeling and control of microgrids, and their control strategies have been published recently [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Disturbance Observer Based Fuzzy Feedforward Proportional Integral Load Frequency Control of Microgrids

Asgari

Menhaj

Suratgar

et al. 2021

IJE

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In this paper, the load frequency control (LFC) problem of microgrids in islanded operation mode is tackled using Fuzzy Feedforward PI (FFPI) controller. To this end, a feedforward loop is considered in the control structure of the microgrid in addition to the classical feedback controller wherein a proportional integrator controller is used. The disturbance signal, which can be load variations or renewable energy resources uncertainties, is estimated using a disturbance observer. The understudy microgrid includes wind turbine and solar cells as renewable sources, a diesel generator and loads. A fuzzy controller is also used for pitch angle control of the wind turbine, which may smooth out the generated power and improve the frequency control of microgrid. To show the capability of the proposed strategy, two different scenarios are considered and the obtained simulation results easily approve the efficiency of the proposed structure for LFC of microgrid in islanded operation mode.

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Load Frequency Control of Microgrid: A Technical Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Optimized Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm andH₂/H_∞Weights Distribution Method for Load Frequency Control of Micro-Grid

A Disturbance Observer Based Fuzzy Feedforward Proportional Integral Load Frequency Control of Microgrids

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Load Frequency Control of Microgrid: A Technical Review

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Simulation of adaptive gain control via 2-D lookup table for isolated hybrid micro-grid system

Optimized Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm andH2/H∞Weights Distribution Method for Load Frequency Control of Micro-Grid

A Disturbance Observer Based Fuzzy Feedforward Proportional Integral Load Frequency Control of Microgrids

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Optimized Robust Controller Design Based on CPSOGSA Optimization Algorithm andH₂/H_∞Weights Distribution Method for Load Frequency Control of Micro-Grid