Load characteristics following transfemoral amputation in individuals fitted with bone-anchored prostheses: a scoping review protocol

Abstract

The main purpose of this scoping review is to characterize loading information applied on the residuum of individuals with transfemoral amputation fitted with an osseointegrated fixation for bone-anchored prostheses.The objectives of this scoping review are: i) to map the scope of loading variables, and ii) to report the range of magnitude of loads that has been directly measured using a portable kinetic recording apparatus fitted at the distal end of the residuum during rehabilitation exercises, standardized and unscripted activities of daily living, and adverse events.The specific review questions are.

Loading characteristics data applied on osseointegrated implant by transfemoral bone-anchored prostheses fitted with basic components during daily activities

“…The characterization of loading profile for each activity was achieved through more advanced processing to extract spatio-temporal gait characteristics (e.g., cadence, duration of gait cycle as well as support and swing phases), loading patterns, loading boundaries (e.g., minimum and maximum of forces and moments expressed in %BW and %BWm for all gait cycles considered regardless of the onset), up to three loading local extremum (e.g., semi-automatic detection of onsets (%SUP) and magnitudes (%BW or %BWm) of points of inflection between loading slopes occurring consistently over successive gait cycles across all participants). [1], [3], [7], [10], [11], [12], [13], [18]…”

Loading characteristics data applied on osseointegrated implant by transfemoral bone-anchored prostheses fitted with state-of-the-art components during daily activities

“… These datasets are essential for promoters of prosthetic care innovations (e.g., users, clinicians, engineers, scientists, administrators) because they provide valuable insights supporting the prescription of advanced prosthetic components to the growing population of individuals suffering from lower limb loss choosing bionics solutions [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] . The confounders of the loading information as well as the new evidence of inter-participants variability of loading patterns, loading boundaries and loading local extrema are required to inform providers of prosthetic care who will design subsequent cross-sectional and longitudinal studies (e.g., statistical planning, power calculation) as well as subsequent literature reviews and meta-analyzes [12] , [13] , [14] . More precisely, the loading datasets are critical to clinicians (e.g., rehabilitation specialists) and engineers (e.g., manufacturers of components) designing finite element models of prosthetic components and osseointegrated implants parts (e.g., medullar and percutaneous parts), algorithms capable to recognize the loading patterns applied on a residual limb during daily activities, as well as clinical trials testing effects of particular interventions (e.g., design-based selection of components, alignment of prostheses) [15] , [16] , [17] .…”

Kinetics of Lower Limb Prosthesis: Automated Detection of Vertical Loading Rate

“…This term can be defined as the holistic state of physical well-being of the residuum's distinct neuromusculoskeletal system, encapsulating resected skin, nerves, muscles and bone [1][2][3]. The intrinsic determinants of residuum health, mainly including the length of residuum and muscle reassignment, are established during surgical amputation [4,5]. Most common extrinsic determinants of residuum health could be substantially influenced by rehabilitation specialists and suppliers of components (e.g., manufacturers, prosthetists) who facilitate control of the prosthetic joint movements and fitting of components that, altogether, ultimately pertain to the level of activity [6].…”

“…Direct measurements of the loading profile have been conducted on case-series and a cohort of individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA) fitted with socket-suspended prostheses [4,[9][10][11][12][13][15][16][17]19,21,26,27,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. These studies analysed force versus moment in various planes during several walking activities (e.g., walking and turning round a circle) to compare prosthetic feet, determine the effect of anteroposterior alignment perturbations on rollover, and predict intra-socket pressures [36,37,47].…”

“…Loading profiles have also been directly measured on cohorts of individuals fitted with transfemoral bone-anchored prostheses during a rehabilitation program (e.g., static load bearing, use of walking aids), standardized activities (e.g., walking in a straight line and around a circle, ascending and descending stairs and ramps), and unscripted daily activities (e.g., open environment, fall) [4,[15][16][17]19,26,27,35,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. These studies characterized the prosthetic loading profile using a range of variables associated with spatio-temporal characteristics (e.g., cadence, duration of gait cycle (GC) and support and swing phases), loading boundaries (e.g., maximum and minimum magnitude), a series of points of interest or local extremum (e.g., onset and magnitude of points of inflection between loading rate) and impulse [35,[38][39][40]43,46,[48][49][50].…”