Load-carrying characteristics of reaction films of alkyl aryl sulphides

Anand, O. N.; Kumar, Vijay; Malik, V.P.; Bist, R.P.S.

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(92)90164-4

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…• Analytical studies of surface films involving various tool such as SEM, AES, LEED and X-ray photo electron spectroscopy which gives relative abundance of elements in surface films, the structure of surface films and the radicals generated at the surface [1, 4-6, 15, 30-37]. • Studies of reaction products of iron with additives and the study of the soluble reaction products in bulk of the hydrocarbon medium [3,9,12,14,20,[22][23][24][38][39][40][41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suggested mechanism of action of these additives is considered to involve formation of simple inorganic or organic moieties comprising metal sulfides, phosphates, mercaptides and carboxylates [1,2,4,[9][10][11][12] as surface films which are supposed to be easily sheared or have slipplanes and defect structures causing reduction in wear and friction under various conditions of loads and speeds [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anti wear and anti friction characteristics of tribochemical films of alkyl octa-decenoates and their derivatives

Chibber

Chaudhary

Tyagi

et al. 2005

Lubrication Science

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The wear, friction and film forming characteristic of ethyl octadecenoate and methyl 12-hydroxy ocatadecenoates, their thio and thiopyrophosphoro derivatives have been studied on HFRR friction and wear machine. The structural characteristics of chemisorbed films formed on the iron surfaces by these derivatives have been investigated using various analytical techniques such FT-IR, Microreflectance Absorption and Proton Magnetic Resonance. It has been inferred that these films are primarily organic in nature. The constituents of these films are hydroxy alkyl and aryl ethers, unsaturated and condensed ring hydroxy ketones, aromatic hydroxy quinones and highly condensed aromatic structures chemically linked to iron sufaces through hydroxy, oxy, thia, oxyphosphoro and thiophosphoro moieties forming chelated and coordinated complexes.The antiwear and antifriction characteristic of alkyl octadecenoates increase with increasing polar linkages in the alkyl ocatadecenoate backbone. This is primarily due to the increase in number of sites amenable to chemisorption on the surfaces and consequently their reactivity. The antiwear and antifriction characteristic of derivatives of ethyl octadecenoates are inferior to the corresponding 12-hydroxy methyl octadecenoates derivatives. This can be attributed to increased reactivity of 12-hydroxy methyl octadecenoates derivatives at the surfaces due to an additional hydroxyl moiety. The films formed are highly condensed ring aromatic layered structures coordinating to iron atoms of the surface particularly in case of thiopyrophosphoro derivatives of methyl 12-hydroxy octadecenoates. These films, as a consequence, provide lower wear and friction characteristics as compared to other types of organic films. These studies have led to much clear evidence of the intimate relationship between the chemical structure of the additives and their film forming characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti wear and anti friction characteristics of tribochemical films of alkyl octa-decenoates and their derivatives

Chibber

Chaudhary

Tyagi

et al. 2005

Lubrication Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Anti‐friction, anti‐wear and load‐carrying characteristics of environment friendly additive formulation

Anand

Kumar

Singh

et al. 2007

Lubrication Science

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The extreme pressure (EP), anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics of some of the commercial additive formulation and individual components on which these formulations are based have been studied and compared to characteristics of the components synthesised from naturally available non‐traditional vegetable oils and cashew nut shell liquid that have been refined and partially hydrogenated to improve stability. It has been shown that individual components from sulphurised and phosphosulphurised vegetable oils, esters and hydrogenated cardanol (derived from cashews) have better anti‐wear and friction‐reducing characteristics than the sulphurised olefins and alkylaryl phosphorothioates normally used as EP and anti‐wear additives, while the load‐carrying characteristics of a number of the combination of these derivatives are comparable. It has been shown that all these formulations are rapidly biodegradable and non‐toxic in nature as compared to traditional EP, anti‐wear and friction‐reducing additives, which fill in the category of slightly toxic to harmful. It is possible to formulate energy‐efficient EP gear oils that are fully biodegradable and non‐toxic by a combination of vegetable oil‐based additives of sulphurised vegetable oils, phosphosulphurised methyl recinoleate and phosphosulphurised hydrogenated cardanol amine borate, which meet all the performance characteristics of US steel 224 eg 52100, M‐50 AISI 1010 requirements. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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